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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2024; 14(16); doi: 10.3390/ani14162410

2D Kinematic Analysis of the Esbarrada and Volta Sobre Patas Manoeuvres of Criollo Breed Horses Competing in Freio de Ouro.

Abstract: The esbarrada and volta sobre patas manoeuvres are critical in Criollo horse equestrian activities, yet their kinematics remain largely unexplored. This observational study aimed to kinematically describe the manoeuvres in Criollo breed horses and explore the relationship between static goniometry and dynamics. A 2D kinematic analysis was conducted on 31 Criollo horses performing the manoeuvres using high-speed cameras. Joint angles were measured using static goniometry and analysed in relation to dynamic performance. The esbarrada covered a distance of 4.28 ± 0.99 m in 1.15 ± 0.11 s at a velocity of 3.77 ± 0.55 m/s. Joint angles showed a mean fetlock extension of 75.4° ± 5.3° and hock flexion of 43.2° ± 4.1°. In the volta sobre patas, significant differences were found in turn duration (first: 0.96 ± 0.07 s, second: 1.12 ± 0.09 s, p = 0.03) and thoracic limb suspension (first: 0.23 ± 0.02 s, second: 0.28 ± 0.03 s, p = 0.02). Static goniometry indicated that limb conformation did not significantly correlate with protraction angles during the esbarrada (p = 0.27). The volta sobre patas demonstrated prolonged duration and increased thoracic limb suspension in the second turn. Also, the findings suggest that static conformation does not predict dynamic limb movement during the esbarrada.
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Publication Date: 2024-08-20 PubMed ID: 39199944PubMed Central: PMC11350687DOI: 10.3390/ani14162410Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on the analysis of specific manoeuvres in the Criollo breed of horses, known as Esbarrada and Volta Sobre Patas, and explores the relationship between static goniometry and dynamics. In simpler terms, the study examines how the horse’s joint angles during these movements relate to the horse’s physical structure and performance.

Research Objectives and Approach

  • The primary aim of this observational study was to describe the motion or kinematics of the Esbarrada and Volta Sobre Patas manoeuvres in Criollo horses. Such kinematic descriptions are crucial for understanding the physical demand of these movements on the horses.
  • The secondary objective was to examine the relationship between the joint angles as measured by static goniometry (a method to measure joint angles in a static position) and the dynamic movements observed during these manoeuvres.
  • The research involved using 2D kinematic analysis through high-speed cameras on 31 Criollo horses while they performed these manoeuvres.

Findings of the Study

  • Esbarrada manoeuvre: The horses covered, on average, a distance of roughly 4.28 meters in about 1.15 seconds at a speed of approximately 3.77 m/s. The joint angles exhibited a typical fetlock (ankle) extension of 75.4 degrees and hock (knee) flexion of 43.2 degrees.
  • Volta Sobre Patas manoeuvre: Significant differences were found in the time taken to complete the first and second turns, and also in the suspension duration of the thoracic limb (front leg). Specifically, the second turn took longer and also involved a longer suspension duration of the thoracic limb.
  • In comparing static goniometry measurements with the dynamic performance of the horses during the Esbarrada manoeuvre, no significant correlation was found. This suggests that the horse’s static physical structure does not determine the angular movement of the limb during execution of the manoeuvre, indicating that other factors could be involved, such as individual training or skill.

Cite This Article

APA
Bonilla Lemos Pizzi GL, Holz K, Kowalski ÉA, Fonseca Ribeiro P, Blake R, Ferreira Martins C. (2024). 2D Kinematic Analysis of the Esbarrada and Volta Sobre Patas Manoeuvres of Criollo Breed Horses Competing in Freio de Ouro. Animals (Basel), 14(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162410

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 16

Researcher Affiliations

Bonilla Lemos Pizzi, Gino Luigi
  • Faculdade de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, Brazil.
Holz, Karina
  • Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, Brazil.
Kowalski, Éverton Augusto
  • Faculdade de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, Brazil.
Fonseca Ribeiro, Priscila
  • Faculdade de Zootecnia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, Brazil.
Blake, Roberta
  • Writtle School of Agriculture, Animal and Environmental Sciences, Anglia Ruskin University, Writtle, Chelmsford CM1 3RR, UK.
Ferreira Martins, Charles
  • Departmento de Clínicas Veterinárias, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Capão do Leão 96160-000, Brazil.

Grant Funding

  • NA / CAPES
  • NA / Newton Fund
  • NA / CONFAP/FAPERGS

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflicts of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Shaffer SK, Medjaouri O, Swenson B, Eliason T, Nicolella DP. A Markerless Approach for Full-Body Biomechanics of Horses. Animals (Basel) 2025 Aug 5;15(15).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15152281pubmed: 40805071google scholar: lookup
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