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Scientific reports2020; 10(1); 911; doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-57479-9

A Common Practice of Widespread Antimicrobial Use in Horse Production Promotes Multi-Drug Resistance.

Abstract: The practice of prophylactic administration of a macrolide antimicrobial with rifampin (MaR) to apparently healthy foals with pulmonary lesions identified by thoracic ultrasonography (i.e., subclinically pneumonic foals) is common in the United States. The practice has been associated epidemiologically with emergence of R. equi resistant to MaR. Here, we report direct evidence of multi-drug resistance among foals treated with MaR. In silico and in vitro analysis of the fecal microbiome and resistome of 38 subclinically pneumonic foals treated with either MaR (n = 19) or gallium maltolate (GaM; n = 19) and 19 untreated controls was performed. Treatment with MaR, but not GaM, significantly decreased fecal microbiota abundance and diversity, and expanded the abundance and diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes in feces. Soil plots experimentally infected with Rhodococcus equi (R. equi) and treated with MaR selected for MaR-resistant R. equi, whereas MaR-susceptible R. equi out-competed resistant isolates in GaM-treated or untreated plots. Our results indicate that MaR use promotes multi-drug resistance in R. equi and commensals that are shed into their environment where they can persist and potentially infect or colonize horses and other animals.
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Publication Date: 2020-01-22 PubMed ID: 31969575PubMed Central: PMC6976650DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57479-9Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates the effect of a common horse care practice in the U.S.—the administration of a macrolide antimicrobial and rifampin—to foals that appear healthy but show signs of pneumonia on an ultrasound. The results indicate that this practice leads to multiple drug resistance among foals and negatively impacts the fecal microbiome.

Research Background and Methods

  • This study focused on the practice common in the U.S horse production of administering a combination of a macrolide antimicrobial and rifampin (abbreviated as MaR) to foals that seem healthy but have pulmonary lesions detectable by thoracic ultrasonography, indicating that they are subclinically pneumonic.
  • The research team used in vitro analysis (performed in a controlled environment, such as a petri dish) and in silico analysis (performed through computer simulation) of the fecal microbiome and resistome of 38 similar foals.
  • Of the total foals, 19 were treated with MaR, 19 with gallium maltolate (GaM, another antimicrobial), and 19 were left untreated as control subjects.

Results of the Study

  • Treatment with MaR resulted in a significant decrease in the variety and quantity of bacterial species in the feces of the foals, but treatment with GaM did not show this effect.
  • Moreover, MaR treatment resulted in an increased abundance and diversity of antimicrobial resistance genes present in feces.
  • The researchers used soil plots infected experimentally with Rhodococcus equi (R. equi – a bacteria that generally causes pneumonia in foals). They found that the soil treated with MaR showed a selection for MaR-resistant R. equi.
  • In contrast, soil plots treated with GaM or left untreated showed a predominance of MaR-susceptible R. equi, which out-competed the resistant strains.

Conclusion

  • The results led to the conclusion that using MaR promotes multi-drug resistance in R. equi and other naturally occurring commensals in horses.
  • These drug-resistant bacteria can then be shed into the environment where they can persist, and potentially expose or colonize other horses and animals, thereby escalating the problem of antimicrobial resistance.

Overall, these findings suggest a need to re-examine common antibiotic use practices in horse care, particularly those involving MaR, as such practices seem to contribute significantly to environmental and biomedical issues related to antibiotic resistance.

Cite This Article

APA
Álvarez-Narváez S, Berghaus LJ, Morris ERA, Willingham-Lane JM, Slovis NM, Giguere S, Cohen ND. (2020). A Common Practice of Widespread Antimicrobial Use in Horse Production Promotes Multi-Drug Resistance. Sci Rep, 10(1), 911. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-57479-9

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 10
Issue: 1
Pages: 911
PII: 911

Researcher Affiliations

Álvarez-Narváez, S
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga, USA.
Berghaus, L J
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga, USA.
Morris, E R A
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA.
Willingham-Lane, J M
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga, USA.
Slovis, N M
  • Hagyard Equine Medical Institute, Lexington, KY, USA.
Giguere, S
  • Department of Large Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Ga, USA.
Cohen, N D
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA. ncohen@cvm.tamu.edu.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / adverse effects
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Antibiotic Prophylaxis
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple / drug effects
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple / genetics
  • Feces / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses
  • Macrolides / adverse effects
  • Macrolides / pharmacology
  • Macrolides / therapeutic use
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Organometallic Compounds / adverse effects
  • Organometallic Compounds / pharmacology
  • Organometallic Compounds / therapeutic use
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / microbiology
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / prevention & control
  • Pneumonia, Bacterial / veterinary
  • Pyrones / adverse effects
  • Pyrones / pharmacology
  • Pyrones / therapeutic use
  • Rhodococcus equi / drug effects
  • Rhodococcus equi / genetics
  • Rifampin / adverse effects
  • Rifampin / pharmacology
  • Rifampin / therapeutic use

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

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