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Home / Equine Research Bank / Zoonoses Public Health / A cross-sectional study of hard ticks (acari: ixodidae) on h...
Zoonoses and public health2021; 68(3); 247-262; doi: 10.1111/zph.12809

A cross-sectional study of hard ticks (acari: ixodidae) on horse farms to assess the risk factors associated with tick-borne diseases.

Abstract: Zoonotic diseases are significant public health issues. There is an urgent need to focus our efforts on the development of strategies that prevent and control potential arthropod vector-borne pathogens. Hard ticks transmit a variety of viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens to their vertebrate hosts. This is becoming of more concern, as anthropogenic alterations of the environment may unleash the spread of tick-borne diseases throughout the world. Developing countries that are highly dependent on the livestock economy are a hot spot for tick-borne infectious diseases. In this work, through a cross-sectional approach that included a bibliographic survey, field collection and epidemiological questionnaire, we identified five tick species that were found to parasitize equines and transmit tick-borne pathogens. Our data revealed a gap in fundamental knowledge of ticks and tick-borne infectious diseases among equine breeders and owners. This article highlights the relevant risk factors that were found and the urgent actions that are needed to prevent the wide spread of hard ticks and their associated zoonotic diseases.
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH.
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Publication Date: 2021-01-31 PubMed ID: 33522145DOI: 10.1111/zph.12809Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is about a study conducted to identify different tick species, their impact on horse farms and measures to control tick-borne diseases that also pose a risk to human health.

Overview of the Study

The study observes the transmittance of various pathogens through hard ticks to their vertebrate hosts. It asserts that environmental changes caused by humans could trigger the propagation of tick-borne diseases worldwide. Researchers used a cross-sectional approach for the study, wherein field surveys, data collection from bibliographic sources, and an epidemiological questionnaire were used.

  • The researchers identified five tick species that parasitize equines and transmit tick-borne pathogens.
  • They indicated the lack of basic knowledge about ticks and tick-borne diseases among horse breeders and owners.

Changes in Environment and Impact on Ticks

The study points out that human-induced environmental modifications could increase the spread of tick-borne diseases globally. The primary concern here is how such changes may influence the distribution of ticks and the pathogens they carry, creating new health hazards for both animals and humans.

  • The study, therefore, underscores the urgency of developing practical strategies to control and prevent the potential spread of diseases through tick vectors.

Tick-Borne Diseases in Developing Countries

Developing nations with heavy reliance on the livestock economy are particularly vulnerable to tick-borne diseases. Poor veterinary healthcare, poor awareness about tick-borne diseases, and inadequate repellent measures put such regions at a higher risk.

  • The spread of such diseases can severely impact the health of the livestock, and possibly humans, leading to substantial economic losses.

Knowledge Gap and Implementation of Preventive Measures

The study infers a noticeable knowledge gap among equine owners and breeders regarding ticks and tick-borne diseases. The lack of this basic knowledge proves an obstacle in the implementation of effective preventive measures.

  • The research therefore calls for wide-ranging actions to educate horse breeders and owners to prevent the spread of hard ticks and the diseases they carry to livestock and humans.

To sum up, the study encourages the development of extensive control strategies and comprehensive education programs to tackle the global threat posed by tick-borne diseases.

Cite This Article

APA
Kamran K, Ali A, Villagra C, Siddiqui S, Alouffi AS, Iqbal A. (2021). A cross-sectional study of hard ticks (acari: ixodidae) on horse farms to assess the risk factors associated with tick-borne diseases. Zoonoses Public Health, 68(3), 247-262. https://doi.org/10.1111/zph.12809

Publication

Zoonoses and public health
ISSN: 1863-2378
NlmUniqueID: 101300786
Country: Germany
Language: English
Volume: 68
Issue: 3
Pages: 247-262

Researcher Affiliations

Kamran, Kashif
  • Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.
Ali, Abid
  • Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
Villagra, Cristian
  • Instituto de Entomología, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago, Chile.
Siddiqui, Saima
  • Department of Geography, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.
Alouffi, Abdulaziz S
  • King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Iqbal, Asim
  • Department of Zoology, University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Horse Diseases / transmission
  • Horses
  • Ixodidae / microbiology
  • Risk Factors
  • Tick-Borne Diseases / epidemiology
  • Tick-Borne Diseases / microbiology
  • Tick-Borne Diseases / veterinary

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Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
  1. Ali A, Obaid MK, Almutairi MM, Alouffi A, Numan M, Ullah S, Rehman G, Islam ZU, Khan SB, Tanaka T. Molecular detection of Coxiella spp. in ticks (Ixodidae and Argasidae) infesting domestic and wild animals: with notes on the epidemiology of tick-borne Coxiella burnetii in Asia.. Front Microbiol 2023;14:1229950.
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  4. Numan M, Islam N, Adnan M, Zaman Safi S, Chitimia-Dobler L, Labruna MB, Ali A. First genetic report of Ixodes kashmiricus and associated Rickettsia sp.. Parasit Vectors 2022 Oct 19;15(1):378.
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  5. Khan Z, Shehla S, Alouffi A, Kashif Obaid M, Zeb Khan A, Almutairi MM, Numan M, Aiman O, Alam S, Ullah S, Zaman Safi S, Tanaka T, Ali A. Molecular Survey and Genetic Characterization of Anaplasma marginale in Ticks Collected from Livestock Hosts in Pakistan.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Jul 1;12(13).
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  6. Ali A, Numan M, Khan M, Aiman O, Muñoz-Leal S, Chitimia-Dobler L, Labruna MB, Nijhof AM. Ornithodoros (Pavlovskyella) ticks associated with a Rickettsia sp. in Pakistan.. Parasit Vectors 2022 Apr 21;15(1):138.
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  7. Ali A, Shehla S, Zahid H, Ullah F, Zeb I, Ahmed H, da Silva Vaz I Jr, Tanaka T. Molecular Survey and Spatial Distribution of Rickettsia spp. in Ticks Infesting Free-Ranging Wild Animals in Pakistan (2017-2021).. Pathogens 2022 Jan 26;11(2).
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  8. Ali A, Zahid H, Zeb I, Tufail M, Khan S, Haroon M, Tufail M, Bilal M, Hussain M, Alouffi AS, Muñoz-Leal S, Labruna MB. Risk factors associated with tick infestations on equids in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, with notes on Rickettsia massiliae detection.. Parasit Vectors 2021 Jul 13;14(1):363.
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  9. Zahid H, Muñoz-Leal S, Khan MQ, Alouffi AS, Labruna MB, Ali A. Life Cycle and Genetic Identification of Argas persicus Infesting Domestic Fowl in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:664731.
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