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Home / Equine Research Bank / BMC Res Notes / A detailed macroscopic scoring system for experimental post-...
BMC research notes2022; 15(1); 226; doi: 10.1186/s13104-022-06116-x

A detailed macroscopic scoring system for experimental post-traumatic Osteoarthritis in the equine middle carpal joint.

Abstract: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a significant health issue in humans as well as horses. Experimental models of equine carpal OA have been used to investigate OA pathogenesis and potential therapeutic candidates. A 5-scale scoring system (OARSI) for macroscopic pathological cartilage changes already exists, but there is a need for a scoring system with better differentiation of severity. The aim of this study was therefore to develop and validate such a scoring system. Results: New scoring system were developed for cartilage erosions (Copenhagen Equine Total Cartilage Score, CEqTCS) along with synovial membrane pathology and osteochondral fragment healing (Copenhagen Equine Carpal Osteoarthritis Score, CEqCOAS). For the CEqTCS there was excellent intraclass agreement (ICC = 0.993; CI 0.985-0.996; p = 1.08e-31) and consistency (ICC = 0.992; CI 0.985-0.996; p = 4.61e-31), as well as excellent interclass agreement (ICC = 0.974; CI 0.948-0.987, p = 2e-22) and consistency (ICC = 0.973; CI 0.946-0.987; p = 2.77e-22), while the OARSI system had moderate (κ = 0.47) and weak (κ = 0.28) inter- and intra-class agreement, respectively. The OARSI score and the CEqTCS correlated excellently, but every OARSI grade encompassed a wide range of CEqTCS grades. The new score for assessment of equine OA provides means to a better differentiation of OA changes than the existing OARSI system.
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Publication Date: 2022-06-27 PubMed ID: 35761416PubMed Central: PMC9235142DOI: 10.1186/s13104-022-06116-xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The research discusses the development and validation of an improved scoring system for diagnosing and differentiating severities of equine Osteoarthritis (OA), a major health problem in horses and humans alike.

About the Research

  • The study primarily focuses on improving the existing scoring system known as Osteoarthritis Research Society International (OARSI). The standard method of OARSI presents limitations regarding the precise determination of the disease’s severity.
  • In response to this gap, researchers developed a new scoring system for cartilage erosions (known as the Copenhagen Equine Total Cartilage Score or CEqTCS), as well as evaluating the healing of an osteochondral fragment and the pathology of the synovial membrane (Copenhagen Equine Carpal Osteoarthritis Score, CEqCOAS).

Analysis and Findings

  • The newly developed CEqTCS system was found to have excellent intraclass agreement (ICC = 0.993; CI 0.985-0.996; p = 1.08e-31) and consistency (ICC = 0.992; CI 0.985-0.996; p = 4.61e-31).
  • Furthermore, the system exhibited excellent interclass agreement (ICC = 0.974; CI 0.948-0.987, p = 2e-22) and consistency (ICC = 0.973; CI 0.946-0.987; p = 2.77e-22).
  • Contrarily, the existing OARSI system had only moderate to weak intra- and interclass agreement.
  • The CEqTCS and OARSI score correlated excellently, but every OARSI grade included a broad spectrum of CEqTCS grades, revealing that CEqTCS has a greater differentiation capability.

Conclusions

  • The study concludes by establishing that the new scoring system for the assessment of equine OA provides a clearer distinction of OA changes as compared to the existing OARSI system.
  • This better differentiation capability can prove to be crucial in the precise evaluation of OA severity and, thus, in the successful recommendation or creation of therapeutic treatments.

Cite This Article

APA
Andersen C, Jacobsen S, Walters M, Lindegaard C. (2022). A detailed macroscopic scoring system for experimental post-traumatic Osteoarthritis in the equine middle carpal joint. BMC Res Notes, 15(1), 226. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13104-022-06116-x

Publication

BMC research notes
ISSN: 1756-0500
NlmUniqueID: 101462768
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 15
Issue: 1
Pages: 226
PII: 226

Researcher Affiliations

Andersen, Camilla
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark. camilla.andersen@sund.ku.dk.
Jacobsen, Stine
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
Walters, Marie
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark.
Lindegaard, Casper
  • Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Allé 5, 2630, Taastrup, Denmark.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Carpal Joints / pathology
  • Cartilage
  • Horses
  • Osteoarthritis / veterinary
  • Synovial Membrane / pathology
  • Wrist Joint / pathology

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
  1. Varela L, van de Lest CHA, van Weeren PR, Wauben MHM. Synovial fluid extracellular vesicles as arthritis biomarkers: the added value of lipid-profiling and integrated omics. Extracell Vesicles Circ Nucl Acids 2024;5(2):276-296.
    doi: 10.20517/evcna.2024.14pubmed: 39698533google scholar: lookup
  2. Saliba I, Bachy-Razzouk M, Bensidhoum M, Hoc T, Potier E, Vialle R, Hardy A. Analysis of a Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability Model in the Rat: Conclusions and Suggestions for Future Research. Life (Basel) 2024 Jun 28;14(7).
    doi: 10.3390/life14070829pubmed: 39063583google scholar: lookup
  3. Andersen C, Walters M, Bundgaard L, Berg LC, Vonk LA, Lundgren-Åkerlund E, Henriksen BL, Lindegaard C, Skovgaard K, Jacobsen S. Intraarticular treatment with integrin α10β1-selected mesenchymal stem cells affects microRNA expression in experimental post-traumatic osteoarthritis in horses. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1374681.
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  4. Clarke E, Varela L, Jenkins RE, Lozano-Andrés E, Cywińska A, Przewozny M, van Weeren PR, van de Lest CHA, Peffers M, Wauben MHM. Proteome and phospholipidome interrelationship of synovial fluid-derived extracellular vesicles in equine osteoarthritis: An exploratory 'multi-omics' study to identify composite biomarkers. Biochem Biophys Rep 2024 Mar;37:101635.
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  5. Andersen C, Jacobsen S, Uvebrant K, Griffin JF 4th, Vonk LA, Walters M, Berg LC, Lundgren-Åkerlund E, Lindegaard C. Integrin α10β1-Selected Mesenchymal Stem Cells Reduce Pain and Cartilage Degradation and Increase Immunomodulation in an Equine Osteoarthritis Model. Cartilage 2025 Jun;16(2):250-264.
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