A mechanical study of ligature security of commercially available pre-tied ligatures versus hand tied ligatures for use in equine laparoscopy.
Abstract: To determine a hand-tied ligature knot configuration, suture size, and suture type that would be an acceptable substitute to commercially available ligature knots for use in equine laparoscopic surgery. Methods: Three-factor ANOVA with the fixed effects being suture type, suture size, and knot type. The dependent variable was ligature security (load to failure). Methods: Commercially available Endoloop and 4 hand-tied slipknot ligatures were compared with a 4-layer square knot. The hand tied ligature knots tested were the 4S modified Roeder knot, the Brooks knot, the modified Roeder knot, and the Weston knot. Two suture sizes (0, 2) of each of 2 suture types (polydioxanone, polyglactin 910) were tested with each hand tied knot. Two types (polydioxanone, polyglactin 910) of size 0 Endoloop were tested. Twenty repetitions of each knot suture type were tested for force to yield on a materials testing machine. Statistical analysis consisted of a 3-way ANOVA with individual comparisons made using the Bonferroni method. Significance was P< or = .05. Results: Only the 4S modified Roeder knot in 2 polydioxanone (103 N) was comparable with the breaking strength of the square knots (157 N). All other knot suture combinations tested were significantly weaker than the square knot (range, 2-18 N). Conclusions: For equine laparoscopy, a 2 polydioxanone 4S modified Roeder knot would be an acceptable alternative to the commercially available Endoloop. Conclusions: Laparoscopic slip knots are commonly used in equine laparoscopic surgery. Various knot configuration and suture size and type combinations will affect the security of the slip knot.
Publication Date: 2006-01-18 PubMed ID: 16409410DOI: 10.1111/j.1532-950X.2005.00112.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Comparative Study
- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research aims to determine an efficient alternative to commercially available ligature knots for use in horse laparoscopic surgery by comparing features like knot configuration, suture size, and suture type.
Method
- The researchers conducted a three-factor ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) test. The fixed effects in this test were suture type, suture size, and knot type.
- The dependent variable, or the one being measured, was ligature security which is defined as the load a ligature can withstand before failing.
- The researchers compared the commercially available Endoloop to four types of hand-tied slipknot ligatures and a four-layer square knot.
- The hand-tied slipknot ligatures they tested were the 4S modified Roeder knot, the Brooks knot, the modified Roeder knot and the Weston knot.
- For each hand-tied knot,they tried out two different suture sizes (0, 2) from two different types of sutures (polydioxanone, polyglactin 910).
- They also tested two types of size 0 Endoloop using polydioxanone and polyglactin 910 sutures.
- Each knot suture combination was tested 20 times on a materials testing machine to ascertain its strength.
- The data gathered was then analysed using a 3-way ANOVA with individual comparisons made using the Bonferroni correction method to adjust for multiple comparisons.
Results
- The only hand-tied knot type that showed comparable strength to the square knots was the 4S modified Roeder knot using 2 polydioxanone (103 N).
- All other combinations of knot sutures turned out to be significantly weaker than the square knot with the weakest knot able to withstand between 2-18 N (Newtons) of force.
Conclusions
- The research concluded that for laparoscopic procedures on horses, a 2 polydioxanone 4S modified Roeder knot could be an acceptable alternative to the commercially available Endoloop.
- It is clearly stated that various factors such as knot configuration and the size and type of suture used, significantly affect the security of the slip knot used in laparoscopic surgery.
Cite This Article
APA
Carpenter EM, Hendrickson DA, James S, Franke C, Frisbie D, Trostle S, Wilson D.
(2006).
A mechanical study of ligature security of commercially available pre-tied ligatures versus hand tied ligatures for use in equine laparoscopy.
Vet Surg, 35(1), 55-59.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-950X.2005.00112.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Analysis of Variance
- Animals
- Equipment Failure
- Horses / surgery
- Laparoscopy / methods
- Laparoscopy / veterinary
- Materials Testing
- Polydioxanone
- Polyglactin 910
- Polymers
- Suture Techniques / veterinary
- Sutures / veterinary
- Tensile Strength
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Straticò P, Guerri G, Palozzo A, Varasano V, Petrizzi L. Current Use of Equine Laparoscopy in Urogenital Disorders: A Scoping Review of the Literature from 2000 to 2021.. Vet Sci 2022 Jan 22;9(2).
- Hendrickson DA. A review of equine laparoscopy.. ISRN Vet Sci 2012;2012:492650.
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