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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / A review of foodborne Toxoplasma gondii with a special focus...
Frontiers in veterinary science2023; 9; 1080139; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1080139

A review of foodborne Toxoplasma gondii with a special focus on its prevalence in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022.

Abstract: Third-world countries have a higher prevalence of food-related disorders than developed nations. Millions of people in underdeveloped countries are seriously at risk from the potential water supply contamination with protozoan diseases. is one of the important protozoans causing diseases in livestock and humans. Despite the standard tests for diagnosing this parasite and different treatment methods, the spread of these parasites is uncontrollable and rising every year due to other management disorders. In this review, we summarize etiopathogenesis and prevalence in Pakistan. We looked for papers reporting the seroprevalence of in people and animals between 2000 and 2022 in different databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data on the seroprevalence of i in Pakistan's domestic animals (sheep and goats, horses, donkeys, mules, cattle, and buffaloes), domestic pets (cats and dogs), poultry and rodents, and humans were gathered. According to the findings, sheep had an estimated pooled seroprevalence of that varied from 11.20 to 26.50 %, and goats from 24.50 to 38.40%. Whereas in buffalo the opposite trend was followed, and the prevalence was observed is 0% in 2022, in horses, donkeys, and mules, only one study was reported according to which a high prevalence was observed in mules (28.60%) followed by donkeys (23.50%) and horses (23.50%), in cats 38.5% prevalence was observed in a recent study and in dogs 28.43% observed, and in humans from 22 to 60%. Human beings are found to be the most affected species showing high prevalence among all. According to our findings, animals and pets not only serve as a reservoir for the parasite but also serve as a direct route for human infection with . The diagnostic techniques used in the observed studies were mostly serological testing whereas only a few studies have only been observed with molecular testing. To know the exact pattern of the disease for its control, the trend of molecular and advanced testing should be adopted as it is more reliable. Moreover, to decrease the transmission chances of to humans, it is crucial to manage infections in non-human species.
Copyright © 2023 Qamar and Alsayeqh.
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Publication Date: 2023-01-18 PubMed ID: 36744224PubMed Central: PMC9890071DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1080139Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Systematic Review

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research examines the prevalence of the parasitic disease Toxoplasma gondii in various animals and humans in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022, finding high rates of infection and emphasizing the need for better testing and management to prevent transmission.

Objective and Methodology

  • The study’s primary goal was to investigate the seroprevalence of the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, which causes diseases in both livestock and humans, in Pakistan over a 22-year period.
  • To achieve this, the researchers collated data from several databases, including PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, focusing mainly on papers that reported the seroprevalence of the parasite in people and animals from 2000 to 2022.

Findings and Analysis

  • In their findings, the researchers found that the prevalence of toxoplasmosis varied significantly among different species. For instance, sheep and goats showed seroprevalence rates of 11.20 to 26.50% and 24.50 to 38.40%, respectively.
  • On the other hand, buffalo showed a decreasing trend, with no incidence reported in 2022. In horses, donkeys, and mules, one study indicated a high prevalence, especially in mules (28.60%), followed by donkeys (23.50%) and horses (23.50%).
  • Domestic pets like cats and dogs also showed significant infection rates, with recent studies reporting 38.5% prevalence in cats and 28.43% in dogs respectively.
  • The most affected species were found to be humans, with prevalence ranging from 22 to 60%.

Implications and Recommendations

  • The results of the study demonstrate that animals and pets not only act as a reservoir for the parasite but can also directly transmit the infection to humans, thereby increasing the danger of the disease.
  • To provide more accurate information on the spread of the disease and enable better control, the study suggests the adoption of molecular and advanced testing, which is more dependable than the predominantly used serological testing.
  • Additionally, to reduce the chances of Toxoplasma gondii being transmitted to humans, the study deems it crucial to manage the infections in non-human species better. This can significantly mitigate the risk of the disease and ensure the health and safety of both humans and animals.

Cite This Article

APA
Qamar W, Alsayeqh AF. (2023). A review of foodborne Toxoplasma gondii with a special focus on its prevalence in Pakistan from 2000 to 2022. Front Vet Sci, 9, 1080139. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1080139

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 1080139
PII: 1080139

Researcher Affiliations

Qamar, Warda
  • Department of Parasitology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
Alsayeqh, Abdullah F
  • Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Sousa DER, Wilson TM, Macêdo IL, Romano APM, Ramos DG, Passos PHO, Costa GRT, Fonseca VS, Mares-Guia MAMM, Giovanetti M, Alcantara LCJ, de Filippis AMB, Paludo GR, Melo CB, Castro MB. Case report: Urbanized non-human primates as sentinels for human zoonotic diseases: a case of acute fatal toxoplasmosis in a free-ranging marmoset in coinfection with yellow fever virus.. Front Public Health 2023;11:1236384.
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