A review of third phalanx fractures in the horse: sixty-five cases.

The research involves a review of 65 cases of third phalanx (P3) fractures in horses, collected from the Michigan State University’s Veterinary Clinical Center from 1964 to 1977. The study provided insights into the most common form, cause, and affected breeds of these fractures, and the information for treatment and outcome was collected through a questionnaire from the horse owners.

Breakdown and Classification of Cases

• The study first classified the fractures according to their anatomic locations by using a numbering system. It was found that the most common fracture involved the articular surface of the coffin joint (81.5% of the total case).
• The distribution of the cases revealed the greatest occurrence in Standardbreds, accounting for 31 out of the 65 cases.
• Gender-wise, 33 fractures were found in geldings of all breeds while age-wise, the mean ages at the time of the fracture ranged from 4.9 to 5.3 years.

Cause and Location

• Racing injury was found to be the most common cause of P3 fractures.
• When evaluated based on the limb location, 57 out of the 65 fractures were of the forelimb, and out of these, 89.5% involved the lateral aspect of the left limb or the medial aspect of the right limb – these are the parts of each foot that supports most of the horse’s weight during turns while racing counterclockwise.

Method and Response of Treatment

• The response of treatments was evaluated through questionnaires filled by 31 out of 65 horse owners.
• The questionnaire contained inquiries based on the cause, treatment, outcome, and the use of the horse.

Results

• The results obtained provided a tabulation of the questionnaire information, a classification system for P3 fractures based on the anatomical location of the fracture, and distribution of fractures between limbs and position (medial vs lateral) within limbs.