FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2006; 177(10); 7377-7390; doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.7377

A single amino acid difference within the alpha-2 domain of two naturally occurring equine MHC class I molecules alters the recognition of Gag and Rev epitopes by equine infectious anemia virus-specific CTL.

Abstract: Although CTL are critical for control of lentiviruses, including equine infectious anemia virus, relatively little is known regarding the MHC class I molecules that present important epitopes to equine infectious anemia virus-specific CTL. The equine class I molecule 7-6 is associated with the equine leukocyte Ag (ELA)-A1 haplotype and presents the Env-RW12 and Gag-GW12 CTL epitopes. Some ELA-A1 target cells present both epitopes, whereas others are not recognized by Gag-GW12-specific CTL, suggesting that the ELA-A1 haplotype comprises functionally distinct alleles. The Rev-QW11 CTL epitope is also ELA-A1-restricted, but the molecule that presents Rev-QW11 is unknown. To determine whether functionally distinct class I molecules present ELA-A1-restricted CTL epitopes, we sequenced and expressed MHC class I genes from three ELA-A1 horses. Two horses had the 7-6 allele, which when expressed, presented Env-RW12, Gag-GW12, and Rev-QW11 to CTL. The other horse had a distinct allele, designated 141, encoding a molecule that differed from 7-6 by a single amino acid within the alpha-2 domain. This substitution did not affect recognition of Env-RW12, but resulted in more efficient recognition of Rev-QW11. Significantly, CTL recognition of Gag-GW12 was abrogated, despite Gag-GW12 binding to 141. Molecular modeling suggested that conformational changes in the 141/Gag-GW12 complex led to a loss of TCR recognition. These results confirmed that the ELA-A1 haplotype is comprised of functionally distinct alleles, and demonstrated for the first time that naturally occurring MHC class I molecules that vary by only a single amino acid can result in significantly different patterns of epitope recognition by lentivirus-specific CTL.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2006-11-04 PubMed ID: 17082657PubMed Central: PMC3342702DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.7377Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Research Support
  • U.S. Gov't
  • Non-P.H.S.

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research investigates a single amino acid difference in two naturally occurring equine Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) class I molecules. This small variation alters how the immune system of a horse recognises certain antigens associated with equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), a lentivirus. The study discovers that the recognition of Gag and Rev epitopes by virus-specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL) is significantly affected by this single amino acid difference.

Understanding Equine MHC class I molecules and EIAV

  • The study primarily focuses on understanding the MHC class I molecules, which play a pivotal role in equine immune response, particularly against the lentivirus, Equine Infectious Anemia Virus (EIAV).
  • MHC class I molecules present important epitopes (part of an antigen that is recognized by the immune system) to the virus-specific CTL, which are critical for the control of lentiviruses.
  • The research examines the role and characteristics of the equine class I molecule 7-6, which is associated with the Equine Leukocyte Antigen (ELA)-A1 haplotype and it presents the Env-RW12 and Gag-GW12 CTL epitopes. It is also noted that some ELA-A1 target cells present both epitopes while others do not recognize by Gag-GW12-specific CTL, implying the ELA-A1 haplotype comprises multiple functional alleles.

Identifying Distinct MHC Class I Molecules

  • The researchers sequenced and expressed MHC class I genes from three ELA-A1 horses to determine distinct class I molecules present in ELA-A1-restricted CTL epitopes.
  • Two horses had the 7-6 allele, and when expressed, it presented Env-RW12, Gag-GW12, and Rev-QW11 to CTL. In contrast, the third horse had a distinct allele, designated 141, which differed from 7-6 by just one amino acid in the alpha-2 domain.

Impact of the Single Amino Acid Difference

  • The single amino acid substitution did not affect the recognition of Env-RW12, but significantly improved the recognition of Rev-QW11.
  • The recognition of Gag-GW12 by CTL was completely halted, despite Gag-GW12 binding to the 141 allele. The researchers hypothesize that this lack of CTL recognition is due to molecular changes in the 141/Gag-GW12 complex, altering its shape and subsequently hampering the T-Cell Receptor’s (TCR) ability to recognize it.
  • The results of the study confirmed the existence of functionally distinct alleles within the ELA-A1 haplotype. Additionally, this was the first demonstration that a single amino acid variation in naturally occurring MHC class I molecules can lead to significant differences in epitope recognition by lentivirus-specific CTL, thus leading to different immune responses within the same species.

Cite This Article

APA
Mealey RH, Lee JH, Leib SR, Littke MH, McGuire TC. (2006). A single amino acid difference within the alpha-2 domain of two naturally occurring equine MHC class I molecules alters the recognition of Gag and Rev epitopes by equine infectious anemia virus-specific CTL. J Immunol, 177(10), 7377-7390. https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.177.10.7377

Publication

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
ISSN: 0022-1767
NlmUniqueID: 2985117R
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 177
Issue: 10
Pages: 7377-7390

Researcher Affiliations

Mealey, Robert H
  • Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA. rhm@vetmed.wsu.edu
Lee, Jae-Hyung
    Leib, Steven R
      Littke, Matt H
        McGuire, Travis C

          MeSH Terms

          • Alleles
          • Amino Acid Sequence
          • Amino Acid Substitution / immunology
          • Animals
          • Antigen Presentation / immunology
          • Computer Simulation
          • Crystallography, X-Ray
          • Cytotoxicity Tests, Immunologic
          • Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / chemistry
          • Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / immunology
          • Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte / metabolism
          • Female
          • Gene Products, gag / chemistry
          • Gene Products, gag / immunology
          • Gene Products, gag / metabolism
          • Gene Products, rev / chemistry
          • Gene Products, rev / immunology
          • Gene Products, rev / metabolism
          • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / chemistry
          • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / immunology
          • Histocompatibility Antigens Class I / metabolism
          • Horses
          • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / chemistry
          • Infectious Anemia Virus, Equine / immunology
          • Male
          • Molecular Sequence Data
          • Protein Binding / immunology
          • Protein Structure, Tertiary
          • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / immunology
          • T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic / metabolism

          Grant Funding

          • R21 AI058787 / NIAID NIH HHS
          • AI067125 / NIAID NIH HHS
          • R21 CA097936 / NCI NIH HHS
          • CA97936 / NCI NIH HHS
          • AI058787 / NIAID NIH HHS
          • R21 AI060395 / NIAID NIH HHS
          • R21 AI067125 / NIAID NIH HHS
          • AI060395 / NIAID NIH HHS

          References

          This article includes 87 references
          1. Addo MM, Altfeld M, Rosenberg ES, Eldridge RL, Philips MN, Habeeb K, Khatri A, Brander C, Robbins GK, Mazzara GP, Goulder PJ, Walker BD. The HIV-1 regulatory proteins Tat and Rev are frequently targeted by cytotoxic T lymphocytes derived from HIV-1-infected individuals.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001 Feb 13;98(4):1781-6.
            pmc: PMC29334pubmed: 11172028doi: 10.1073/pnas.98.4.1781google scholar: lookup
          2. Betts MR, Krowka JF, Kepler TB, Davidian M, Christopherson C, Kwok S, Louie L, Eron J, Sheppard H, Frelinger JA. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity is inversely correlated with HIV type 1 viral load in HIV type 1-infected long-term survivors.. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 1999 Sep 1;15(13):1219-28.
            pubmed: 10480635doi: 10.1089/088922299310313google scholar: lookup
          3. Borrow P, Lewicki H, Hahn BH, Shaw GM, Oldstone MB. Virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity associated with control of viremia in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection.. J Virol 1994 Sep;68(9):6103-10.
            pmc: PMC237022pubmed: 8057491doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.9.6103-6110.1994google scholar: lookup
          4. Gea-Banacloche JC, Migueles SA, Martino L, Shupert WL, McNeil AC, Sabbaghian MS, Ehler L, Prussin C, Stevens R, Lambert L, Altman J, Hallahan CW, de Quiros JC, Connors M. Maintenance of large numbers of virus-specific CD8+ T cells in HIV-infected progressors and long-term nonprogressors.. J Immunol 2000 Jul 15;165(2):1082-92.
            pubmed: 10878387doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.165.2.1082google scholar: lookup
          5. Klein MR, van Baalen CA, Holwerda AM, Kerkhof Garde SR, Bende RJ, Keet IP, Eeftinck-Schattenkerk JK, Osterhaus AD, Schuitemaker H, Miedema F. Kinetics of Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte responses during the clinical course of HIV-1 infection: a longitudinal analysis of rapid progressors and long-term asymptomatics.. J Exp Med 1995 Apr 1;181(4):1365-72.
            pmc: PMC2191947pubmed: 7699324doi: 10.1084/jem.181.4.1365google scholar: lookup
          6. Goulder PJ, Altfeld MA, Rosenberg ES, Nguyen T, Tang Y, Eldridge RL, Addo MM, He S, Mukherjee JS, Phillips MN, Bunce M, Kalams SA, Sekaly RP, Walker BD, Brander C. Substantial differences in specificity of HIV-specific cytotoxic T cells in acute and chronic HIV infection.. J Exp Med 2001 Jan 15;193(2):181-94.
            pmc: PMC2193346pubmed: 11148222doi: 10.1084/jem.193.2.181google scholar: lookup
          7. Novitsky V, Gilbert P, Peter T, McLane MF, Gaolekwe S, Rybak N, Thior I, Ndung'u T, Marlink R, Lee TH, Essex M. Association between virus-specific T-cell responses and plasma viral load in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C infection.. J Virol 2003 Jan;77(2):882-90.
            pmc: PMC140844pubmed: 12502804doi: 10.1128/jvi.77.2.882-890.2003google scholar: lookup
          8. Ogg GS, Jin X, Bonhoeffer S, Dunbar PR, Nowak MA, Monard S, Segal JP, Cao Y, Rowland-Jones SL, Cerundolo V, Hurley A, Markowitz M, Ho DD, Nixon DF, McMichael AJ. Quantitation of HIV-1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes and plasma load of viral RNA.. Science 1998 Mar 27;279(5359):2103-6.
            pubmed: 9516110doi: 10.1126/science.279.5359.2103google scholar: lookup
          9. Ogg GS, Kostense S, Klein MR, Jurriaans S, Hamann D, McMichael AJ, Miedema F. Longitudinal phenotypic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes: correlation with disease progression.. J Virol 1999 Nov;73(11):9153-60.
            pmc: PMC112948pubmed: 10516022doi: 10.1128/jvi.73.11.9153-9160.1999google scholar: lookup
          10. Rinaldo C, Huang XL, Fan ZF, Ding M, Beltz L, Logar A, Panicali D, Mazzara G, Liebmann J, Cottrill M. High levels of anti-human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) memory cytotoxic T-lymphocyte activity and low viral load are associated with lack of disease in HIV-1-infected long-term nonprogressors.. J Virol 1995 Sep;69(9):5838-42.
            pmc: PMC189455pubmed: 7637030doi: 10.1128/jvi.69.9.5838-5842.1995google scholar: lookup
          11. Gruters RA, van Baalen CA, Osterhaus AD. The advantage of early recognition of HIV-infected cells by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.. Vaccine 2002 May 6;20(15):2011-5.
            pubmed: 11983265doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00089-0google scholar: lookup
          12. van Baalen CA, Pontesilli O, Huisman RC, Geretti AM, Klein MR, de Wolf F, Miedema F, Gruters RA, Osterhaus AD. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Rev- and Tat-specific cytotoxic T lymphocyte frequencies inversely correlate with rapid progression to AIDS.. J Gen Virol 1997 Aug;78 ( Pt 8):1913-8.
            pubmed: 9266987doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-78-8-1913google scholar: lookup
          13. Cheevers WP, McGuire TC. Equine infectious anemia virus: immunopathogenesis and persistence.. Rev Infect Dis 1985 Jan-Feb;7(1):83-8.
            pubmed: 2984759doi: 10.1093/clinids/7.1.83google scholar: lookup
          14. McGuire TC, O'Rourke KI, Perryman LE. Immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia lentivirus disease.. Dev Biol Stand 1990;72:31-7.
            pubmed: 2178127
          15. Sellon DC, Fuller FJ, McGuire TC. The immunopathogenesis of equine infectious anemia virus.. Virus Res 1994 May;32(2):111-38.
            pmc: PMC7134051pubmed: 8067050doi: 10.1016/0168-1702(94)90038-8google scholar: lookup
          16. Kono Y, Hirasawa K, Fukunaga Y, Taniguchi T. Recrudescence of equine infectious anemia by treatment with immunosuppressive drugs.. Natl Inst Anim Health Q (Tokyo) 1976 Spring;16(1):8-15.
            pubmed: 177894
          17. McGuire TC, Tumas DB, Byrne KM, Hines MT, Leib SR, Brassfield AL, O'Rourke KI, Perryman LE. Major histocompatibility complex-restricted CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes from horses with equine infectious anemia virus recognize Env and Gag/PR proteins.. J Virol 1994 Mar;68(3):1459-67.
            pmc: PMC236601pubmed: 8107209doi: 10.1128/jvi.68.3.1459-1467.1994google scholar: lookup
          18. McGuire TC, Fraser DG, Mealey RH. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and neutralizing antibody in the control of equine infectious anemia virus.. Viral Immunol 2002;15(4):521-31.
            pubmed: 12513924doi: 10.1089/088282402320914476google scholar: lookup
          19. Mealey RH, Fraser DG, Oaks JL, Cantor GH, McGuire TC. Immune reconstitution prevents continuous equine infectious anemia virus replication in an Arabian foal with severe combined immunodeficiency: lessons for control of lentiviruses.. Clin Immunol 2001 Nov;101(2):237-47.
            pmc: PMC3342689pubmed: 11683583doi: 10.1006/clim.2001.5109google scholar: lookup
          20. Mealey RH, Leib SR, Pownder SL, McGuire TC. Adaptive immunity is the primary force driving selection of equine infectious anemia virus envelope SU variants during acute infection.. J Virol 2004 Sep;78(17):9295-305.
            pmc: PMC506964pubmed: 15308724doi: 10.1128/jvi.78.17.9295-9305.2004google scholar: lookup
          21. Perryman LE, O'Rourke KI, McGuire TC. Immune responses are required to terminate viremia in equine infectious anemia lentivirus infection.. J Virol 1988 Aug;62(8):3073-6.
            pmc: PMC253753pubmed: 2839723doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.8.3073-3076.1988google scholar: lookup
          22. Tumas DB, Hines MT, Perryman LE, Davis WC, McGuire TC. Corticosteroid immunosuppression and monoclonal antibody-mediated CD5+ T lymphocyte depletion in normal and equine infectious anaemia virus-carrier horses.. J Gen Virol 1994 May;75 ( Pt 5):959-68.
            pubmed: 7513746doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-75-5-959google scholar: lookup
          23. Hammond SA, Cook SJ, Lichtenstein DL, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Maturation of the cellular and humoral immune responses to persistent infection in horses by equine infectious anemia virus is a complex and lengthy process.. J Virol 1997 May;71(5):3840-52.
            pmc: PMC191535pubmed: 9094660doi: 10.1128/jvi.71.5.3840-3852.1997google scholar: lookup
          24. McGuire TC, Zhang W, Hines MT, Henney PJ, Byrne KM. Frequency of memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes to equine infectious anemia virus proteins in blood from carrier horses.. Virology 1997 Nov 10;238(1):85-93.
            pubmed: 9375012doi: 10.1006/viro.1997.8795google scholar: lookup
          25. McGuire TC, Leib SR, Lonning SM, Zhang W, Byrne KM, Mealey RH. Equine infectious anaemia virus proteins with epitopes most frequently recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes from infected horses.. J Gen Virol 2000 Nov;81(Pt 11):2735-2739.
            pubmed: 11038386doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-81-11-2735google scholar: lookup
          26. Zhang W, Lonning SM, McGuire TC. Gag protein epitopes recognized by ELA-A-restricted cytotoxic T lymphocytes from horses with long-term equine infectious anemia virus infection.. J Virol 1998 Dec;72(12):9612-20.
            pmc: PMC110470pubmed: 9811694doi: 10.1128/jvi.72.12.9612-9620.1998google scholar: lookup
          27. Mealey RH, Zhang B, Leib SR, Littke MH, McGuire TC. Epitope specificity is critical for high and moderate avidity cytotoxic T lymphocytes associated with control of viral load and clinical disease in horses with equine infectious anemia virus.. Virology 2003 Sep 1;313(2):537-52.
            pmc: PMC3342690pubmed: 12954220doi: 10.1016/s0042-6822(03)00344-1google scholar: lookup
          28. Mealey RH, Sharif A, Ellis SA, Littke MH, Leib SR, McGuire TC. Early detection of dominant Env-specific and subdominant Gag-specific CD8+ lymphocytes in equine infectious anemia virus-infected horses using major histocompatibility complex class I/peptide tetrameric complexes.. Virology 2005 Aug 15;339(1):110-26.
            pmc: PMC3342685pubmed: 15979679doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.05.025google scholar: lookup
          29. Chung C, Mealey RH, McGuire TC. CTL from EIAV carrier horses with diverse MHC class I alleles recognize epitope clusters in Gag matrix and capsid proteins.. Virology 2004 Sep 15;327(1):144-54.
            pmc: PMC3342308pubmed: 15327905doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2004.06.035google scholar: lookup
          30. Chung C, Mealey RH, McGuire TC. Evaluation of high functional avidity CTL to Gag epitope clusters in EIAV carrier horses.. Virology 2005 Nov 25;342(2):228-39.
            pmc: PMC3348724pubmed: 16139857doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.07.033google scholar: lookup
          31. Belshan M, Baccam P, Oaks JL, Sponseller BA, Murphy SC, Cornette J, Carpenter S. Genetic and biological variation in equine infectious anemia virus Rev correlates with variable stages of clinical disease in an experimentally infected pony.. Virology 2001 Jan 5;279(1):185-200.
            pubmed: 11145901doi: 10.1006/viro.2000.0696google scholar: lookup
          32. Leroux C, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC. Novel and dynamic evolution of equine infectious anemia virus genomic quasispecies associated with sequential disease cycles in an experimentally infected pony.. J Virol 1997 Dec;71(12):9627-39.
            pmc: PMC230271pubmed: 9371627doi: 10.1128/jvi.71.12.9627-9639.1997google scholar: lookup
          33. Germain RN, Margulies DH. The biochemistry and cell biology of antigen processing and presentation.. Annu Rev Immunol 1993;11:403-50.
            pubmed: 8476568doi: 10.1146/annurev.iy.11.040193.002155google scholar: lookup
          34. Robinson J, Waller MJ, Parham P, de Groot N, Bontrop R, Kennedy LJ, Stoehr P, Marsh SG. IMGT/HLA and IMGT/MHC: sequence databases for the study of the major histocompatibility complex.. Nucleic Acids Res 2003 Jan 1;31(1):311-4.
            pmc: PMC165517pubmed: 12520010doi: 10.1093/nar/gkg070google scholar: lookup
          35. Sette A, Sidney J. HLA supertypes and supermotifs: a functional perspective on HLA polymorphism.. Curr Opin Immunol 1998 Aug;10(4):478-82.
            pubmed: 9722926doi: 10.1016/s0952-7915(98)80124-6google scholar: lookup
          36. Sette A, Sidney J. Nine major HLA class I supertypes account for the vast preponderance of HLA-A and -B polymorphism.. Immunogenetics 1999 Nov;50(3-4):201-12.
            pubmed: 10602880doi: 10.1007/s002510050594google scholar: lookup
          37. Sidney J, Grey HM, Kubo RT, Sette A. Practical, biochemical and evolutionary implications of the discovery of HLA class I supermotifs.. Immunol Today 1996 Jun;17(6):261-6.
            pubmed: 8962628doi: 10.1016/0167-5699(96)80542-1google scholar: lookup
          38. Sidney J, Southwood S, Sette A. Classification of A1- and A24-supertype molecules by analysis of their MHC-peptide binding repertoires.. Immunogenetics 2005 Jul;57(6):393-408.
            pubmed: 16003466doi: 10.1007/s00251-005-0004-2google scholar: lookup
          39. Muller D, Pederson K, Murray R, Frelinger JA. A single amino acid substitution in an MHC class I molecule allows heteroclitic recognition by lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes.. J Immunol 1991 Aug 15;147(4):1392-7.
            pubmed: 1907995
          40. Gao X, Nelson GW, Karacki P, Martin MP, Phair J, Kaslow R, Goedert JJ, Buchbinder S, Hoots K, Vlahov D, O'Brien SJ, Carrington M. Effect of a single amino acid change in MHC class I molecules on the rate of progression to AIDS.. N Engl J Med 2001 May 31;344(22):1668-75.
            pubmed: 11386265doi: 10.1056/nejm200105313442203google scholar: lookup
          41. Jin X, Gao X, Ramanathan M Jr, Deschenes GR, Nelson GW, O'Brien SJ, Goedert JJ, Ho DD, O'Brien TR, Carrington M. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific CD8+-T-cell responses for groups of HIV-1-infected individuals with different HLA-B*35 genotypes.. J Virol 2002 Dec;76(24):12603-10.
            pmc: PMC136673pubmed: 12438586doi: 10.1128/jvi.76.24.12603-12610.2002google scholar: lookup
          42. Bailey E. Identification and genetics of horse lymphocyte alloantigens.. Immunogenetics 1980;11(5):499-506.
            pubmed: 6242885doi: 10.1007/bf01567818google scholar: lookup
          43. Bailey E, Marti E, Fraser DG, Antczak DF, Lazary S. Immunogenetics of the horse. .
          44. . Joint report of the Fourth International Workshop on Lymphocyte Alloantigens of the Horse, Lexington, Kentucky, 12-22 October 1985.. Anim Genet 1987;18(1):81-93.
            pubmed: 3605790
          45. Lazary S, Antczak DF, Bailey E, Bell TK, Bernoco D, Byrns G, McClure JJ. Joint Report of the Fifth International Workshop on Lymphocyte Alloantigens of the Horse, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 31 October-1 November 1987.. Anim Genet 1988;19(4):447-56.
            pubmed: 2466424doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1988.tb00836.xgoogle scholar: lookup
          46. Barbis DP, Maher JK, Stanek J, Klaunberg BA, Antczak DF. Horse cDNA clones encoding two MHC class I genes.. Immunogenetics 1994;40(2):163.
            pubmed: 8026865doi: 10.1007/bf00188182google scholar: lookup
          47. Carpenter S, Baker JM, Bacon SJ, Hopman T, Maher J, Ellis SA, Antczak DF. Molecular and functional characterization of genes encoding horse MHC class I antigens.. Immunogenetics 2001 Dec;53(9):802-9.
            pubmed: 11862413doi: 10.1007/s00251-001-0384-xgoogle scholar: lookup
          48. Chung C, Leib SR, Fraser DG, Ellis SA, McGuire TC. Novel classical MHC class I alleles identified in horses by sequencing clones of reverse transcription-PCR products.. Eur J Immunogenet 2003 Dec;30(6):387-96.
            pubmed: 14675391doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2370.2003.00420.xgoogle scholar: lookup
          49. Ellis SA, Martin AJ, Holmes EC, Morrison WI. At least four MHC class I genes are transcribed in the horse: phylogenetic analysis suggests an unusual evolutionary history for the MHC in this species.. Eur J Immunogenet 1995 Jun;22(3):249-60.
            pubmed: 8547231doi: 10.1111/j.1744-313x.1995.tb00239.xgoogle scholar: lookup
          50. Holmes EC, Ellis SA. Evolutionary history of MHC class I genes in the mammalian order Perissodactyla.. J Mol Evol 1999 Sep;49(3):316-24.
            pubmed: 10473772doi: 10.1007/pl00006554google scholar: lookup
          51. McGuire TC, Leib SR, Mealey RH, Fraser DG, Prieur DJ. Presentation and binding affinity of equine infectious anemia virus CTL envelope and matrix protein epitopes by an expressed equine classical MHC class I molecule.. J Immunol 2003 Aug 15;171(4):1984-93.
            pubmed: 12902502doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.171.4.1984google scholar: lookup
          52. Tallmadge RL, Lear TL, Antczak DF. Genomic characterization of MHC class I genes of the horse.. Immunogenetics 2005 Nov;57(10):763-74.
            pubmed: 16220348doi: 10.1007/s00251-005-0034-9google scholar: lookup
          53. Bailey E. Population studies on the ELA system in American standardbred and thoroughbred mares.. Anim Blood Groups Biochem Genet 1983;14(3):201-11.
            pubmed: 6660596doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1983.tb01073.xgoogle scholar: lookup
          54. Terasaki PI, Bernoco D, Park MS, Ozturk G, Iwaki Y. Microdroplet testing for HLA-A, -B, -C, and -D antigens. The Phillip Levine Award Lecture.. Am J Clin Pathol 1978 Feb;69(2):103-20.
            pubmed: 75690doi: 10.1093/ajcp/69.2.103google scholar: lookup
          55. Ellis SA, Bontrop RE, Antczak DF, Ballingall K, Davies CJ, Kaufman J, Kennedy LJ, Robinson J, Smith DM, Stear MJ, Stet RJ, Waller MJ, Walter L, Marsh SG. ISAG/IUIS-VIC Comparative MHC Nomenclature Committee report, 2005.. Immunogenetics 2006 Jan;57(12):953-8.
            pubmed: 16389556doi: 10.1007/s00251-005-0071-4google scholar: lookup
          56. Miller AD, Rosman GJ. Improved retroviral vectors for gene transfer and expression.. Biotechniques 1989 Oct;7(9):980-2, 984-6, 989-90.
            pmc: PMC1360503pubmed: 2631796
          57. Lonning SM, Zhang W, Leib SR, McGuire TC. Detection and induction of equine infectious anemia virus-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses by use of recombinant retroviral vectors.. J Virol 1999 Apr;73(4):2762-9.
            pmc: PMC104033pubmed: 10074123doi: 10.1128/jvi.73.4.2762-2769.1999google scholar: lookup
          58. Shimizu Y, Geraghty DE, Koller BH, Orr HT, DeMars R. Transfer and expression of three cloned human non-HLA-A,B,C class I major histocompatibility complex genes in mutant lymphoblastoid cells.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1988 Jan;85(1):227-31.
            pmc: PMC279517pubmed: 3257565doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.1.227google scholar: lookup
          59. Ridgely SL, McGuire TC. Lipopeptide stimulation of MHC class I-restricted memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes from equine infectious anemia virus-infected horses.. Vaccine 2002 Mar 15;20(13-14):1809-19.
            pubmed: 11906769doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(01)00517-5google scholar: lookup
          60. Ridgely SL, Zhang B, McGuire TC. Response of ELA-A1 horses immunized with lipopeptide containing an equine infectious anemia virus ELA-A1-restricted CTL epitope to virus challenge.. Vaccine 2003 Jan 17;21(5-6):491-506.
            pubmed: 12531649doi: 10.1016/s0264-410x(02)00474-7google scholar: lookup
          61. Rivera JA, McGuire TC. Equine infectious anemia virus-infected dendritic cells retain antigen presentation capability.. Virology 2005 May 10;335(2):145-54.
            pubmed: 15840514doi: 10.1016/j.virol.2005.02.013google scholar: lookup
          62. Zhang W, Auyong DB, Oaks JL, McGuire TC. Natural variation of equine infectious anemia virus Gag protein cytotoxic T lymphocyte epitopes.. Virology 1999 Sep 1;261(2):242-52.
            pubmed: 10497109doi: 10.1006/viro.1999.9862google scholar: lookup
          63. Allen TM, O'Connor DH, Jing P, Dzuris JL, Mothé BR, Vogel TU, Dunphy E, Liebl ME, Emerson C, Wilson N, Kunstman KJ, Wang X, Allison DB, Hughes AL, Desrosiers RC, Altman JD, Wolinsky SM, Sette A, Watkins DI. Tat-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes select for SIV escape variants during resolution of primary viraemia.. Nature 2000 Sep 21;407(6802):386-90.
            pubmed: 11014195doi: 10.1038/35030124google scholar: lookup
          64. Siliciano RF, Keegan AD, Dintzis RZ, Dintzis HM, Shin HS. The interaction of nominal antigen with T cell antigen receptors. I. Specific binding of multivalent nominal antigen to cytolytic T cell clones.. J Immunol 1985 Aug;135(2):906-14.
            pubmed: 2409158
          65. Alexander-Miller MA, Leggatt GR, Sarin A, Berzofsky JA. Role of antigen, CD8, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) avidity in high dose antigen induction of apoptosis of effector CTL.. J Exp Med 1996 Aug 1;184(2):485-92.
            pmc: PMC2192715pubmed: 8760802doi: 10.1084/jem.184.2.485google scholar: lookup
          66. Derby M, Alexander-Miller M, Tse R, Berzofsky J. High-avidity CTL exploit two complementary mechanisms to provide better protection against viral infection than low-avidity CTL.. J Immunol 2001 Feb 1;166(3):1690-7.
            pubmed: 11160212doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.3.1690google scholar: lookup
          67. del Guercio MF, Sidney J, Hermanson G, Perez C, Grey HM, Kubo RT, Sette A. Binding of a peptide antigen to multiple HLA alleles allows definition of an A2-like supertype.. J Immunol 1995 Jan 15;154(2):685-93.
            pubmed: 7529283
          68. GREENWOOD FC, HUNTER WM, GLOVER JS. THE PREPARATION OF I-131-LABELLED HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE OF HIGH SPECIFIC RADIOACTIVITY.. Biochem J 1963 Oct;89(1):114-23.
            pmc: PMC1202279pubmed: 14097352doi: 10.1042/bj0890114google scholar: lookup
          69. Martí-Renom MA, Stuart AC, Fiser A, Sánchez R, Melo F, Sali A. Comparative protein structure modeling of genes and genomes.. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 2000;29:291-325.
            pubmed: 10940251doi: 10.1146/annurev.biophys.29.1.291google scholar: lookup
          70. Miles JJ, Elhassen D, Borg NA, Silins SL, Tynan FE, Burrows JM, Purcell AW, Kjer-Nielsen L, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR, McCluskey J. CTL recognition of a bulged viral peptide involves biased TCR selection.. J Immunol 2005 Sep 15;175(6):3826-34.
            pubmed: 16148129doi: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.6.3826google scholar: lookup
          71. Lüthy R, Bowie JU, Eisenberg D. Assessment of protein models with three-dimensional profiles.. Nature 1992 Mar 5;356(6364):83-5.
            pubmed: 1538787doi: 10.1038/356083a0google scholar: lookup
          72. Canutescu AA, Shelenkov AA, Dunbrack RL Jr. A graph-theory algorithm for rapid protein side-chain prediction.. Protein Sci 2003 Sep;12(9):2001-14.
            pmc: PMC2323997pubmed: 12930999doi: 10.1110/ps.03154503google scholar: lookup
          73. Tynan FE, Borg NA, Miles JJ, Beddoe T, El-Hassen D, Silins SL, van Zuylen WJ, Purcell AW, Kjer-Nielsen L, McCluskey J, Burrows SR, Rossjohn J. High resolution structures of highly bulged viral epitopes bound to major histocompatibility complex class I. Implications for T-cell receptor engagement and T-cell immunodominance.. J Biol Chem 2005 Jun 24;280(25):23900-9.
            pubmed: 15849183doi: 10.1074/jbc.m503060200google scholar: lookup
          74. Gabb HA, Jackson RM, Sternberg MJ. Modelling protein docking using shape complementarity, electrostatics and biochemical information.. J Mol Biol 1997 Sep 12;272(1):106-20.
            pubmed: 9299341doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1997.1203google scholar: lookup
          75. Katchalski-Katzir E, Shariv I, Eisenstein M, Friesem AA, Aflalo C, Vakser IA. Molecular surface recognition: determination of geometric fit between proteins and their ligands by correlation techniques.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1992 Mar 15;89(6):2195-9.
            pmc: PMC48623pubmed: 1549581doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.6.2195google scholar: lookup
          76. Moont G, Gabb HA, Sternberg MJ. Use of pair potentials across protein interfaces in screening predicted docked complexes.. Proteins 1999 May 15;35(3):364-73.
            pubmed: 10328272
          77. Mancini AL, Higa RH, Oliveira A, Dominiquini F, Kuser PR, Yamagishi ME, Togawa RC, Neshich G. STING Contacts: a web-based application for identification and analysis of amino acid contacts within protein structure and across protein interfaces.. Bioinformatics 2004 Sep 1;20(13):2145-7.
            pubmed: 15073001doi: 10.1093/bioinformatics/bth203google scholar: lookup
          78. Neshich G, Togawa RC, Mancini AL, Kuser PR, Yamagishi ME, Pappas G Jr, Torres WV, Fonseca e Campos T, Ferreira LL, Luna FM, Oliveira AG, Miura RT, Inoue MK, Horita LG, de Souza DF, Dominiquini F, Alvaro A, Lima CS, Ogawa FO, Gomes GB, Palandrani JF, dos Santos GF, de Freitas EM, Mattiuz AR, Costa IC, de Almeida CL, Souza S, Baudet C, Higa RH. STING Millennium: A web-based suite of programs for comprehensive and simultaneous analysis of protein structure and sequence.. Nucleic Acids Res 2003 Jul 1;31(13):3386-92.
            pmc: PMC168984pubmed: 12824333doi: 10.1093/nar/gkg578google scholar: lookup
          79. Day CL, Shea AK, Altfeld MA, Olson DP, Buchbinder SP, Hecht FM, Rosenberg ES, Walker BD, Kalams SA. Relative dominance of epitope-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected persons with shared HLA alleles.. J Virol 2001 Jul;75(14):6279-91.
            pmc: PMC114350pubmed: 11413294doi: 10.1128/jvi.75.14.6279-6291.2001google scholar: lookup
          80. Moudgil KD, Wang J, Yeung VP, Sercarz EE. Heterogeneity of the T cell response to immunodominant determinants within hen eggwhite lysozyme of individual syngeneic hybrid F1 mice: implications for autoimmunity and infection.. J Immunol 1998 Dec 1;161(11):6046-53.
            pubmed: 9834087
          81. Tynan FE, Elhassen D, Purcell AW, Burrows JM, Borg NA, Miles JJ, Williamson NA, Green KJ, Tellam J, Kjer-Nielsen L, McCluskey J, Rossjohn J, Burrows SR. The immunogenicity of a viral cytotoxic T cell epitope is controlled by its MHC-bound conformation.. J Exp Med 2005 Nov 7;202(9):1249-60.
            pmc: PMC2213230pubmed: 16275762doi: 10.1084/jem.20050864google scholar: lookup
          82. Shields MJ, Assefi N, Hodgson W, Kim EJ, Ribaudo RK. Characterization of the interactions between MHC class I subunits: a systematic approach for the engineering of higher affinity variants of beta 2-microglobulin.. J Immunol 1998 Mar 1;160(5):2297-307.
            pubmed: 9498770
          83. Burrows SR, Rossjohn J, McCluskey J. Have we cut ourselves too short in mapping CTL epitopes?. Trends Immunol 2006 Jan;27(1):11-6.
            pubmed: 16297661doi: 10.1016/j.it.2005.11.001google scholar: lookup
          84. Green KJ, Miles JJ, Tellam J, van Zuylen WJ, Connolly G, Burrows SR. Potent T cell response to a class I-binding 13-mer viral epitope and the influence of HLA micropolymorphism in controlling epitope length.. Eur J Immunol 2004 Sep;34(9):2510-9.
            pubmed: 15307183doi: 10.1002/eji.200425193google scholar: lookup
          85. Bjorkman PJ, Saper MA, Samraoui B, Bennett WS, Strominger JL, Wiley DC. Structure of the human class I histocompatibility antigen, HLA-A2.. Nature 1987 Oct 8-14;329(6139):506-12.
            pubmed: 3309677doi: 10.1038/329506a0google scholar: lookup
          86. Fremont DH, Matsumura M, Stura EA, Peterson PA, Wilson IA. Crystal structures of two viral peptides in complex with murine MHC class I H-2Kb.. Science 1992 Aug 14;257(5072):919-27.
            pubmed: 1323877doi: 10.1126/science.1323877google scholar: lookup
          87. Matsumura M, Fremont DH, Peterson PA, Wilson IA. Emerging principles for the recognition of peptide antigens by MHC class I molecules.. Science 1992 Aug 14;257(5072):927-34.
            pubmed: 1323878doi: 10.1126/science.1323878google scholar: lookup

          Citations

          This article has been cited 10 times.
          1. Vasoya D, Tzelos T, Benedictus L, Karagianni AE, Pirie S, Marr C, Oddsdóttir C, Fintl C, Connelley T. High-Resolution Genotyping of Expressed Equine MHC Reveals a Highly Complex MHC Structure. Genes (Basel) 2023 Jul 10;14(7).
            doi: 10.3390/genes14071422pubmed: 37510326google scholar: lookup
          2. Bergmann T, Moore C, Sidney J, Miller D, Tallmadge R, Harman RM, Oseroff C, Wriston A, Shabanowitz J, Hunt DF, Osterrieder N, Peters B, Antczak DF, Sette A. The common equine class I molecule Eqca-1*00101 (ELA-A3.1) is characterized by narrow peptide binding and T cell epitope repertoires. Immunogenetics 2015 Nov;67(11-12):675-89.
            doi: 10.1007/s00251-015-0872-zpubmed: 26399241google scholar: lookup
          3. Lau Q, Griffith JE, Higgins DP. Identification of MHCII variants associated with chlamydial disease in the koala (Phascolarctos cinereus). PeerJ 2014;2:e443.
            doi: 10.7717/peerj.443pubmed: 25024912google scholar: lookup
          4. Liu C, Cook FR, Cook SJ, Craigo JK, Even DL, Issel CJ, Montelaro RC, Horohov DW. The determination of in vivo envelope-specific cell-mediated immune responses in equine infectious anemia virus-infected ponies. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2012 Aug 15;148(3-4):302-10.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.06.018pubmed: 22795699google scholar: lookup
          5. Yao S, Qi J, Liu J, Chen R, Pan X, Li X, Gao F, Xia C. Expression, refolding and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of equine MHC class I molecule complexed with an EIAV-Env CTL epitope. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012 Jan 1;68(Pt 1):20-3.
            doi: 10.1107/S1744309111038139pubmed: 22232164google scholar: lookup
          6. Ramsay JD, Leib SR, Orfe L, Call DR, Tallmadge RL, Fraser DG, Mealey RH. Development of a DNA microarray for detection of expressed equine classical MHC class I sequences in a defined population. Immunogenetics 2010 Sep;62(9):633-9.
            doi: 10.1007/s00251-010-0463-ypubmed: 20683590google scholar: lookup
          7. Tallmadge RL, Campbell JA, Miller DC, Antczak DF. Analysis of MHC class I genes across horse MHC haplotypes. Immunogenetics 2010 Mar;62(3):159-72.
            doi: 10.1007/s00251-009-0420-9pubmed: 20099063google scholar: lookup
          8. Mealey RH, Leib SR, Littke MH, Wagner B, Horohov DW, McGuire TC. Viral load and clinical disease enhancement associated with a lentivirus cytotoxic T lymphocyte vaccine regimen. Vaccine 2009 Apr 21;27(18):2453-68.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2009.02.048pubmed: 19368787google scholar: lookup
          9. Mealey RH, Littke MH, Leib SR, Davis WC, McGuire TC. Failure of low-dose recombinant human IL-2 to support the survival of virus-specific CTL clones infused into severe combined immunodeficient foals: lack of correlation between in vitro activity and in vivo efficacy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008 Jan 15;121(1-2):8-22.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.07.011pubmed: 17727961google scholar: lookup
          10. Mealey RH, Littke MH, Leib SR, Davis WC, McGuire TC. Cloning and large-scale expansion of epitope-specific equine cytotoxic T lymphocytes using an anti-equine CD3 monoclonal antibody and human recombinant IL-2. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2007 Jul 15;118(1-2):121-8.
            doi: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2007.04.001pubmed: 17498813google scholar: lookup
          Subscribe to our newsletter
          Join 99,780 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.