A study on African animal trypanosomosis in four areas of Senegal.
Abstract: In Senegal, several areas provide great potential for agriculture and animal production, but African animal trypanosomosis (AAT) is one of the major constraints to the development of more effective livestock production systems. A study was conducted to assess the current situation of AAT in this country. Surveys were carried out between June 2011 and September 2012 in four different areas: Dakar, Sine Saloum, Kedougou region and Basse Casamance in several animal species: dogs (152), donkeys (23), horses (63), sheep (43), goats (52) and cattle (104), distributed in the four sites. Molecular tools (PCR) indicated 3.4% positive animals including dogs, donkeys, a goat and cattle. The savannah type of Trypanosoma congolense Broden, 1904 (53% of positive cases) and the forest type of T. congolense (subgenus Nannomonas Hoare, 1964) were predominant. Trypanosoma vivax Ziemann, 1905 (subgenus Duttonella Chalmers, 1918) was only present in one animal and no trypanosome of the subgenus Trypanozoon Lühe, 1906 was found. Half of the positive cases were detected in Sine Saloum, where T. congolense savannah-type was predominant, and the other half in Basse Casamance, where T. congolense forest-type was predominant; no cases were found in Dakar or in the Kedougou region. A high risk of infection in dogs with T. congolense savannah-type was shown in Sine Saloum, requiring prevention and control of dogs in this area. The involvement of tsetse flies in the transmission of T. congolense in Sine Saloum and Basse Casamance is discussed.
Publication Date: 2015-08-18 PubMed ID: 26370150DOI: 10.14411/fp.2015.044Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Animal Health
- Diagnosis
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Disease Management
- Disease Outbreaks
- Disease Prevalence
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Transmission
- Disease Treatment
- Epidemiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Infection
- Infectious Disease
- Parasites
- Public Health
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research article is about a study conducted to assess the current status of African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) in Senegal, investigating the prevalence across different animal species and geographical regions using PCR.
Research Objectives
- The primary aim of the research was to evaluate the current situation of African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) in Senegal. The infectious disease poses a significant constraint to agricultural development and livestock production in the country.
- The researchers conducted surveys in four distinct areas of Senegal, each representing different environmental and climatic conditions. The selected regions were Dakar, Sine Saloum, the Kedougou region, and Basse Casamance.
- The study included several animal species, such as dogs, donkeys, horses, sheep, goats, and cattle, as a diverse range of hosts provides a more accurate picture of AAT prevalence.
Methodology
- Surveys were conducted from June 2011 to September 2012. Molecular tools (Polymerase Chain Reaction PCR) were utilized to detect the presence of Trypanosoma, the parasite responsible for AAT.
- In total, 437 animals were sampled, distributed across the four surveyed sites.
Findings
- The molecular tools indicated a 3.4% positive rate among the tested animals, including dogs, donkeys, a goat, and cattle.
- Among the positive cases, 53% displayed the savannah type of Trypanosoma congolense Broden, while the forest type of T. congolense (subgenus Nannomonas Hoare, 1964) was also relatively common.
- Trypanosoma vivax Ziemann was only found in one single animal, and none of the samples tested positive for any trypanosome of the subgenus Trypanozoon Lühe.
Geographical Distribution and Risk Factors
- Half of the positive AAT cases were detected in Sine Saloum, with T. congolense savannah-type as the predominant strain. The other half was found in Basse Casamance, where the T. congolense forest-type was more common.
- There were no cases found in Dakar or the Kedougou region. Additionally, a heightened risk of infection was detected in dogs with T. congolense savannah-type in the Sine Saloum region, emphasizing the need for prevention and control methods in this area.
- The transmission of T. congolense in Sine Saloum and Basse Casamance was hypothesized to potentially involve tsetse flies, marking a necessary area for further investigation.
Conclusion and Implications
- The study shows that AAT is a significant concern in specific regions of Senegal, with animals (particularly dogs) at serious risk, which affects the productivity of livestock and agriculture in the affected regions.
- There is a need for prevention and control strategies, particularly concerning dogs in the endemic regions. Further studies are necessary to confirm the potential role of tsetse flies in the disease’s transmission and recommend appropriate control measures.
Cite This Article
APA
Ravel S, Mediannikov O, Bossard G, Desquesnes M, Cuny G, Davoust B.
(2015).
A study on African animal trypanosomosis in four areas of Senegal.
Folia Parasitol (Praha), 62, 2015.044.
https://doi.org/10.14411/fp.2015.044 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, UMR INTERTRYP, Montpellier, France;
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, UMR URMITE, Dakar, Senegal;
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, UMR INTERTRYP, Montpellier, France;
- Centre de Cooperation Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Developpement, UMR INTERTRYP, Montpellier, France.
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bangkok, Thailand.
- Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement, UMR INTERTRYP, Montpellier, France;
- Unite de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes Aix-Marseille-Universite, Marseille, France.
Citations
This article has been cited 11 times.- Vourchakbé J, Tiofack AAZ, Kante ST, Barka PA, Simo G. Prevalence of pathogenic trypanosome species in naturally infected cattle of three sleeping sickness foci of the south of Chad.. PLoS One 2022;17(12):e0279730.
- Bemba I, Lenga A, Awono-Ambene HP, Antonio-Nkondjio C. Tsetse Flies Infected with Trypanosomes in Three Active Human African Trypanosomiasis Foci of the Republic of Congo.. Pathogens 2022 Oct 31;11(11).
- Ochieng JR, Bachs MP, Nsubuga A, Rwego IB, Kisakye JJM, Riba LM, Figueres JM. Investigation on Prevalence of Canine Trypanosomiasis in the Conservation Areas of Bwindi-Mgahinga and Queen Elizabeth in Western Uganda.. J Parasitol Res 2022;2022:2606871.
- Desquesnes M, Gonzatti M, Sazmand A, Thévenon S, Bossard G, Boulangé A, Gimonneau G, Truc P, Herder S, Ravel S, Sereno D, Jamonneau V, Jittapalapong S, Jacquiet P, Solano P, Berthier D. A review on the diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses.. Parasit Vectors 2022 Feb 19;15(1):64.
- Kargbo A, Jawo E, Amoutchi AI, Koua H, Kuye R, Dabre Z, Bojang A, Vieira RFC. Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Livestock Owners and Livestock Assistants towards African Trypanosomiasis Control in The Gambia.. J Parasitol Res 2022;2022:3379804.
- Habeeb IF, Chechet GD, Kwaga JKP. Molecular identification and prevalence of trypanosomes in cattle distributed within the Jebba axis of the River Niger, Kwara state, Nigeria.. Parasit Vectors 2021 Oct 29;14(1):560.
- Calvet F, Medkour H, Mediannikov O, Girardet C, Jacob A, Boni M, Davoust B. An African Canine Trypanosomosis Case Import: Is There a Possibility of Creating a Secondary Focus of Trypanosoma congolense Infection in France?. Pathogens 2020 Aug 27;9(9).
- Vourchakbé J, Tiofack AAZ, Mbida M, Simo G. Trypanosome infections in naturally infected horses and donkeys of three active sleeping sickness foci in the south of Chad.. Parasit Vectors 2020 Jun 23;13(1):323.
- Fofana M, Mitri C, Diallo D, Rotureau B, Diagne CT, Gaye A, Ba Y, Dieme C, Diallo M, Dia I. Possible influence of Plasmodium/Trypanosoma co-infections on the vectorial capacity of Anopheles mosquitoes.. BMC Res Notes 2020 Mar 4;13(1):127.
- Kamdem CN, Tiofack AAZ, Mewamba EM, Ofon EA, Gomseu EBD, Simo G. Molecular identification of different trypanosome species in tsetse flies caught in the wildlife reserve of Santchou in the western region of Cameroon.. Parasitol Res 2020 Mar;119(3):805-813.
- N'Djetchi MK, Ilboudo H, Koffi M, Kaboré J, Kaboré JW, Kaba D, Courtin F, Coulibaly B, Fauret P, Kouakou L, Ravel S, Deborggraeve S, Solano P, De Meeûs T, Bucheton B, Jamonneau V. The study of trypanosome species circulating in domestic animals in two human African trypanosomiasis foci of Côte d'Ivoire identifies pigs and cattle as potential reservoirs of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense.. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017 Oct;11(10):e0005993.
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