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Frontiers in veterinary science2022; 9; 1011899; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1011899

Ability of donkey sperm to tolerate cooling: Effect of extender base and removal of seminal plasma on sperm parameters and fertility rates in mares.

Abstract: Artificial insemination using cooled-transported semen has marked importance in equine breeding programs around the world, and the high value of mules has generated avid interest in donkey semen biotechnology. However, donkey semen cools poorly in commercially available equine extenders. Therefore, this study aimed to develop approaches to improve the ability of donkey semen to tolerate cooling. Ejaculates of seven donkeys (n = 21) were cooled at 5°C for 48 h in three different extenders (milk-based, SM; sodium caseinate-based, SC; or egg yolk-based, EY) in the presence or absence of seminal plasma (centrifugation, C). Sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity (PMI), plasma membrane stability (PMS), mitochondrial membrane potential (HMMP), intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and intracellular superoxide ( O 2 - ) were assessed before, 24 h, and 48 h post-cooling. In addition, 15 mares (163 estrous cycles) were randomly inseminated with semen from two jacks (Jack 1, n = 90; Jack 2, n = 73) previously cooled for 24 h under one of the treatments (SM, SC, EY, SM-C, SC-C, or EY-C). Groups EY, SC-C, and EY-C (P < 0.05) demonstrated superior sperm analytical parameters to SM at 24 and 48 h. Centrifugation positively affected sperm analytical parameters in cooled donkey semen extended in SM and SC (P < 0.05). Mares bred with semen extended in SC (67%, 18/27), SC-C (89%, 24/27), EY (89%, 25/28), or EY-C (74%, 20/27) had significantly greater conception rates than mares bred with SM (33%, 9/27; P < 0.05). Mares bred with SM-C had intermediate conception rates (59%, 16/27). In conclusion, SC and EY improved the cooling ability and fertility of donkey semen in horse mares, and centrifugation positively affected donkey semen extended in SM.
Copyright © 2022 Gobato, Segabinazzi, Scheeren, Bandeira, Freitas-Dell\'Aqua, Dell\'Aqua and Papa.
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Publication Date: 2022-09-26 PubMed ID: 36225802PubMed Central: PMC9548546DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1011899Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article studies the impact of different extenders and the removal of seminal plasma on the cooling tolerance, parameters of sperm, and fertility rates in horses when using donkey semen. This is done to improve the process of artificial insemination using cooled-transported semen in equine breeding programs.

Understanding the Research

Scientific research has been conducted considering three elements:

  • The ability of donkey semen to tolerate cooling
  • The impact of the extender base used
  • The effect of removing seminal plasma on sperm parameters and fertility rates in mares

The Experiment

The research involved the testing of ejaculates from seven donkeys and cooling them at 5°C for 48 hours. Three different extenders were used in the experiment:

  • Milk-based (SM)
  • Sodium caseinate-based (SC)
  • Egg yolk-based (EY)

The experiment was conducted in the presence as well as the absence of seminal plasma (represented by centrifugation, C). Various sperm parameters such as sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, plasma membrane stability, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular hydrogen peroxide, and intracellular superoxide were assessed before, 24 hours, and 48 hours post-cooling.

Results

The results from the experiment suggest that the EY, SC-C, and EY-C groups demonstrated superior sperm analytical parameters compared to the SM group at both 24 and 48 hours. The use of centrifugation had a positive impact on the sperm analytical parameters in cooled donkey semen extended in both SM and SC.

As a part of the study, 15 mares were inseminated with semen that had been cooled for 24 hours, under one of the treatments (SM, SC, EY, SM-C, SC-C, or EY-C). Mares bred with semen extended in SC, SC-C, EY, or EY-C had significantly higher conception rates compared to those bred with semen extended in SM. Furthermore, mares bred with semen extended in SM-C had intermediate conception rates.

Conclusion

The research concluded that the use of Sodium caseinate-based (SC) and Egg yolk-based (EY) extenders improved the cooling ability and fertility of donkey semen in horse mares. In addition, the centrifugation process positively impacted the donkey semen that was extended in Sodium caseinate-based (SC) and Milk-based (SM) extenders.

Cite This Article

APA
Gobato MLM, Segabinazzi LGTM, Scheeren VFC, Bandeira RS, Freitas-Dell'Aqua CP, Dell'Aqua JA, Papa FO. (2022). Ability of donkey sperm to tolerate cooling: Effect of extender base and removal of seminal plasma on sperm parameters and fertility rates in mares. Front Vet Sci, 9, 1011899. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1011899

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Pages: 1011899

Researcher Affiliations

Gobato, Mariana L M
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Segabinazzi, Lorenzo G T M
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
  • Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis.
Scheeren, Verônica F C
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Bandeira, Rafael S
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Freitas-Dell'Aqua, Camila P
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Dell'Aqua, José A
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
Papa, Frederico O
  • School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
  1. Wen X, Bou G, He Q, Liu Q, Yi M, Ren H. Comprehensive Integrated Analyses of Proteins and Metabolites in Equine Seminal Plasma (Horses and Donkeys). Proteomes 2025 Jul 4;13(3).
    doi: 10.3390/proteomes13030033pubmed: 40700277google scholar: lookup
  2. Gambini A, Smith JM, Gurkin RJ, Palacios PD. Current and Emerging Advanced Techniques for Breeding Donkeys and Mules. Animals (Basel) 2025 Mar 29;15(7).
    doi: 10.3390/ani15070990pubmed: 40218383google scholar: lookup
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