Absence of equid herpesvirus-1 reactivation and viremia in hospitalized critically ill horses.
Abstract: Equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) reactivation and shedding can occur in latently infected, asymptomatic animals. Risk factors for reactivation include stress and illness. The risk of asymptomatic shedding in hospitalized, critically ill horses with acute abdominal disease is unknown. This information is important to assess the need for additional biosecurity protocols to prevent spread of EHV-1 in hospitalized critically ill horses with acute abdominal disorders. Objective: To determine the frequency of reactivation and nasal shedding of EHV-1 in hospitalized critically ill horses. Methods: One hundred twenty-four client-owned horses admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital with acute abdominal disorders were included in the study. Methods: Cross-sectional study examining the risk of reactivation of EHV-1 in horses admitted with acute, severe, gastrointestinal disease. Whole blood and nasal secretions were collected throughout hospitalization. In addition, mandibular lymph nodes were collected from 9 study horses and 26 other Michigan horses. All samples were tested for the presence of EHV-1 nucleic acid by real-time PCR assays targeting the glycoprotein B gene and the polymerase (ORF 30) gene. Results: One hundred and twenty-four horses met the inclusion criteria. None of the samples were positive for EHV-1 DNA. Conclusions: These results suggest that nasal shedding and viremia of EHV-1 in hospitalized critically ill horses with acute abdominal disorder is extremely rare. Implementation of additional biosecurity protocols to limit aerosol spread of EHV-1 among horses with acute abdominal disease and other hospitalized horses is not necessary.
Copyright © 2011 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2011-08-16 PubMed ID: 21848945DOI: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0775.xGoogle Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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The research investigates the risk of reactivation and nasal shedding of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in hospitalized horses with severe abdominal diseases. It concludes that the risk is extremely low, thus suggesting no additional biosecurity measures are needed for these cases.
Study Objective
The primary aim of this study was to assess the frequency of the reactivation and nasal shedding of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in horses that were critically ill and hospitalized. This information is key to prevent the spread of EHV-1 among such horses with acute abdominal disorders.
Study Methodology
- The study encompassed 124 client-owned horses admitted to a Veterinary Teaching Hospital, all of which had acute abdominal disorders.
- This was a cross-sectional study specifically looking at the risk of reactivation of EHV-1 in horses admitted with severe gastrointestinal disease.
- Throughout the hospitalization period, whole blood and nasal secretions were collected from the horses.
- Mandibular lymph nodes were collected from 9 study horses and an additional 26 horses from Michigan for an extensive understanding.
- All the samples were then tested for the broad presence of EHV-1 nucleic acid, via the use of real-time PCR assays targeting the glycoprotein B gene and the polymerase (ORF 30) gene.
Results
- Out of the 124 horses that met the study’s criteria, none of their samples were found to be positive for EHV-1 DNA.
Conclusion
- The study concludes that the nasal shedding and viremia of EHV-1 in critically ill horses with acute abdominal disorders who are hospitalized is extremely rare.
- This suggests that there’s no need for implementing additional biosecurity protocols to limit aerosol spread of EHV-1 among horses with acute abdominal disease and other hospitalized horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Carr E, Schott H, Pusterla N.
(2011).
Absence of equid herpesvirus-1 reactivation and viremia in hospitalized critically ill horses.
J Vet Intern Med, 25(5), 1190-1193.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2011.0775.x Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. carreliz@cvm.msu.edu
MeSH Terms
- Acute Disease
- Animals
- Female
- Herpesviridae Infections / veterinary
- Herpesviridae Infections / virology
- Herpesvirus 1, Equid / physiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses / virology
- Male
- Viremia / veterinary
- Viremia / virology
- Virus Activation
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Price D, Barnum S, Mize J, Pusterla N. Investigation of the Use of Non-Invasive Samples for the Molecular Detection of EHV-1 in Horses with and without Clinical Infection. Pathogens 2022 May 13;11(5).
- Brown LJ, Brown G, Kydd J, Stout TAE, Schulman ML. Failure to detect equid herpesvirus types 1 and 4 DNA in placentae and healthy new-born Thoroughbred foals. J S Afr Vet Assoc 2019 May 30;90(0):e1-e5.
- Lunn DP, Burgess BA, Dorman DC, Goehring LS, Gross P, Osterrieder K, Pusterla N, Soboll Hussey G. Updated ACVIM consensus statement on equine herpesvirus-1. J Vet Intern Med 2024 May-Jun;38(3):1290-1299.
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