Accumulation of allantoin and uric acid in plasma of exercising trotters.
Abstract: Plasma concentrations of hypoxanthine, uric acid, and allantoin, which are breakdown products of adenine nucleotides, were measured in Standardbred and Finnhorse trotters during and after an exercise test on a high-speed treadmill, after an incremental exercise test performed on a racetrack, and after a racing competition. Fiber-type composition of the middle gluteal muscle and the muscle concentrations of adenine nucleotides and inosine monophosphate were measured after the racetrack test. Changes in the concentration of hypoxanthine were not observed in any of the tests. Peak concentration of uric acid was measured between 5 and 30 minutes after exercise, and it was three- to tenfold higher than the value at rest. The variability can be explained by intensity of the exercise test and variation among horses. The concentration of allantoin after exercise was 2 to 3 times as high as that at rest, depending on the intensity of the exercise, although the absolute increase was about 10 times as high as the increase in the concentration of uric acid. Peak values of allantoin for the treadmill and the racetrack tests were obtained 4 to 6 minutes after exercise and < 30 minutes after the races. Peak concentration of allantoin correlated positively with the percentage of type-II (IIA+IIB) fibers in the middle gluteal muscle. Significant correlations were not observed between plasma concentration of uric acid or allantoin and muscle concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or inosine monophosphate. It can be concluded that in horses, breakdown of ATP during and after exercise continues until allantoin is produced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Publication Date: 1993-11-01 PubMed ID: 8291774
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- Journal Article
Summary
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This research primarily focused on studying the accumulation of allantoin and uric acid in the plasma of exercising horses. Specifically, it examined the variations in levels of these substances before, during, and after exercise and how these levels correlate to the composition of muscle fibers and levels of specific adenine nucleotides.
Research Context and Procedure
- The study was conducted on Standardbred and Finnhorse trotters during different phases of exercise and rest – specifically, during and after a high-speed treadmill test, an incremental exercise test on a racetrack, and a racing competition.
- The subjects’ middle gluteal muscle’s fiber-type composition and muscle concentrations of adenine nucleotides and inosine monophosphate were measured after the racetrack test for a more comprehensive understanding of the physiological changes.
Findings on Hypoxanthine, Uric Acid, and Allantoin
- The researchers did not observe any changes in the concentration of hypoxanthine in any of the conducted tests.
- The peak concentration of uric acid was seen 5-30 minutes after exercise, yielding results 3 to 10 times higher than rest values. These fluctuations were attributed to the variation in the intensity of the exercise tests and inherent variations among the horses.
- Allantoin concentration after exercise was 2 to 3 times higher than rest levels, with the absolute increase being about 10 times higher than the increase in uric acid concentration. Peak allantoin values were observed 4 to 6 minutes after treadmill and racetrack tests and less than 30 minutes after the races.
Correlation with Muscle Fibre Types and Adenine Nucleotides
- The peak concentration of allantoin was found to have a positive correlation with the percentage of type-II (IIA+IIB) fibers in the middle gluteal muscle.
- No significant correlations were observed between plasma concentration of uric acid or allantoin and muscle concentrations of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or inosine monophosphate.
Conclusion
- The research concluded that in horses, the breakdown of ATP continues during and after exercise until allantoin is generated, marking an exciting potential indicator for metabolic changes that occur during equine exercise.
Cite This Article
APA
Räsänen LA, Myllymäki T, Hyyppä S, Maisi P, Pösö AR.
(1993).
Accumulation of allantoin and uric acid in plasma of exercising trotters.
Am J Vet Res, 54(11), 1923-1928.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Medicine, Helsinki, Finland.
MeSH Terms
- Adenosine Triphosphate / metabolism
- Allantoin / blood
- Animals
- Exercise Test / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / blood
- Horses / physiology
- Hypoxanthine
- Hypoxanthines / blood
- Lactates / blood
- Lactic Acid
- Male
- Muscles / metabolism
- Physical Exertion / physiology
- Running
- Uric Acid / blood
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- de Oliveira LFG, Souza-Junior TP, Fechio JJ, Gomes-Santos JAF, Sampaio RC, Vardaris CV, Lambertucci RH, de Barros MP. Uric Acid and Cortisol Levels in Plasma Correlate with Pre-Competition Anxiety in Novice Athletes of Combat Sports. Brain Sci 2022 May 31;12(6).
- Kinnunen S, Hyyppä S, Lehmuskero A, Oksala N, Mäenpää P, Hänninen O, Atalay M. Oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and exercise-induced oxidative stress in trotters. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005 Dec;95(5-6):550-6.
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