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Journal of global antimicrobial resistance2018; 16; 59-71; doi: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.08.011

Acinetobacter in veterinary medicine, with an emphasis on Acinetobacter baumannii.

Abstract: Acinetobacter spp. are aerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Moraxellaceae family of the class Gammaproteobacteria and are considered ubiquitous organisms. Among them, Acinetobacter baumannii is the most clinically significant species with an extraordinary ability to accumulate antimicrobial resistance and to survive in the hospital environment. Recent reports indicate that A. baumannii has also evolved into a veterinary nosocomial pathogen. Although Acinetobacter spp. can be identified to species level using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) coupled with an updated database, molecular techniques are still necessary for genotyping and determination of clonal lineages. It appears that the majority of infections due to A. baumannii in veterinary medicine are nosocomial. Such isolates have been associated with several types of infection such as canine pyoderma, feline necrotizing fasciitis, urinary tract infection, equine thrombophlebitis and lower respiratory tract infection, foal sepsis, pneumonia in mink, and cutaneous lesions in hybrid falcons. Given the potential multidrug resistance of A. baumannii, treatment of diseased animals is often supportive and should preferably be based on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing results. It should be noted that animal isolates show high genetic diversity and are in general distinct in their sequence types and resistance patterns from those found in humans. However, it cannot be excluded that animals may occasionally play a role as a reservoir of A. baumannii. Thus, it is of importance to implement infection control measures in veterinary hospitals to avoid nosocomial outbreaks with multidrug-resistant A. baumannii.
Copyright © 2018 International Society for Chemotherapy of Infection and Cancer. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Publication Date: 2018-08-23 PubMed ID: 30144636DOI: 10.1016/j.jgar.2018.08.011Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is focused on Acinetobacter species, in particular Acinetobacter baumannii, which are bacteria that can become dangerously resistant to antimicrobial treatment and have recently evolved into a pathogen found within veterinary hospitals. The details discussed in the research include the bacteria’s identification, associated infections, treatment strategies, and preventive measures.

Identifying Acinetobacter Species

  • Acinetobacter species, specifically Acinetobacter baumannii, are aerobic, rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria that belong to the Moraxellaceae family and the class Gammaproteobacteria. They are ubiquitous organisms that have the potential to accumulate antimicrobial resistance.
  • These species can be identified at a species level using a method known as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS) along with an updated database. However, to determine the genetic type or clonal lineage, molecular techniques are still required.

Acinetobacter Infections in Veterinary Medicine

  • Most commonly, infections caused by A. baumannii in veterinary medicine are nosocomial in nature, meaning they are acquired within a healthcare setting, such as a veterinary hospital.
  • These bacteria have been associated with several types of infections including canine pyoderma, feline necrotizing fasciitis, urinary tract infections, equine thrombophlebitis and respiratory tract infections, foal sepsis, pneumonia in mink, and cutaneous lesions in hybrid falcons.

Treatment and Resistance

  • A. baumannii has a potential multidrug resistance, which often implies that treating the affected animals requires supportive measures and the treatment should preferably be based on in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing results.
  • Animal isolates of A. baumannii show a high degree of genetic diversity, and their sequence types and resistance patterns tend to be distinct from those found in human strains of the bacteria. However, the article does not rule out that animals may occasionally serve as a reservoir of A. baumannii.

Preventing A. baumannii Outbreaks

  • Given the potential for nosocomial outbreaks of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii, the study emphasizes the importance of implementing infection control measures within veterinary hospitals.

Cite This Article

APA
van der Kolk JH, Endimiani A, Graubner C, Gerber V, Perreten V. (2018). Acinetobacter in veterinary medicine, with an emphasis on Acinetobacter baumannii. J Glob Antimicrob Resist, 16, 59-71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jgar.2018.08.011

Publication

Journal of global antimicrobial resistance
ISSN: 2213-7173
NlmUniqueID: 101622459
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 16
Pages: 59-71
PII: S2213-7165(18)30158-9

Researcher Affiliations

van der Kolk, J H
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: johannes.vanderkolk@vetsuisse.unibe.ch.
Endimiani, A
  • Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Friedbühlstrasse 51, 3001 Bern, Switzerland.
Graubner, C
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Gerber, V
  • Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern and Agroscope, Länggassstrasse 124, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.
Perreten, V
  • Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, University of Bern, Länggassstrasse 122, 3012 Bern, Switzerland.

MeSH Terms

  • Acinetobacter Infections / microbiology
  • Acinetobacter Infections / prevention & control
  • Acinetobacter Infections / veterinary
  • Acinetobacter baumannii / drug effects
  • Acinetobacter baumannii / genetics
  • Animals
  • Cat Diseases / microbiology
  • Cat Diseases / prevention & control
  • Cats / microbiology
  • Cross Infection / microbiology
  • Cross Infection / prevention & control
  • Dog Diseases / microbiology
  • Dog Diseases / prevention & control
  • Dogs / microbiology
  • Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
  • Horse Diseases / microbiology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horses / microbiology
  • Hospitals, Animal / standards
  • Humans
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests

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This article has been cited 51 times.
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