Acquisition and use of analgesic drugs by horse owners in the United States.
Abstract: Little is known about the acquisition and use of equine analgesic drugs by horse owners in the United States (US). Objective: To determine factors associated with possession of analgesic drugs by horse owners in the US or with analgesic drug acquisition from sources noncompliant with a valid veterinarian-client-patient (VCPR) relationship. Methods: Cross-sectional survey. Methods: An internet-based questionnaire included items related to experiences with horses and equine analgesic drugs. Factors associated with possession of ≥5 types of analgesic drugs and with the acquisition of drugs from VCPR noncompliant sources were analysed using logistic regression. Results: Responses from 389 US horse owners indicated that 96% have access to at least one type of equine analgesic medication and most are confident in their drug administration skills. Horse owners with ≥5 types of analgesic drugs were more likely to have managed >20 horses in their life (odds ratio [OR] = 3.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.7-5.6), have medical insurance for some horses (OR = 4.2, CI = 2.3-7.7), and have veterinary or human medical training (OR = 2.2, CI = 1.2-4.1) and were less likely to have a primary care veterinarian requiring >30 minutes travel time (OR = 0.5, CI = 0.3-0.9). Horse owners who obtained drugs through VCPR noncompliant sources were likely to be male (OR = 5.6, CI = 1.6-19.4), ≤40 years of age (OR = 2.0, CI = 1.2-3.2), and reside in the South or West regions of the US (OR = 2.4, CI = 1.4-4.0). Conclusions: Possible distribution, self-selection, response, and recall biases as a result of convenience sampling methodology. Conclusions: Discussion between veterinarians and horse owners regarding available analgesic drugs and owners' competence in administering those drugs may improve veterinary care recommendations and owner compliance. Unassigned: Poco se sabe sobre la obtención y uso de medicamentos analgésicos para equinos usados por dueños de caballos en los Estados Unidos (EE. UU.). Objective: Determinar los factores asociados con la posesión de medicamentos analgésicos por dueños de caballos en los EE. UU. o con la obtención de medicamentos analgésicos de fuentes que no cumplen con una relación valida veterinario-cliente-paciente (VCPR). DISEÑO DEL ESTUDIO: Estudio sectorial. MÉTODOS: Un cuestionario en línea incluyo puntos relacionados con experiencias con caballos y medicamentos analgésicos para equinos. Los factores asociados con la posesión de ≥5 tipos de analgésicos y con la obtención de medicamentos que no cumplen con fuentes VCPR fueron analizados usando regresión logística. Results: Las respuestas de 389 dueños americanos de caballos. indicaron que el 96% tiene acceso a por lo menos un tipo de medicamento analgésico equino y la mayoría está seguro de su capacidad de administrar este medicamento. Los dueños de caballos con >5 tipos de medicamentos analgésicos tenían la tendencia de manejar a más de > 20 caballos en su vida (razón de momios [OR]=3.1, 95% intervalo de confianza [CI]=1.7-5.6), tienen seguro médico para algunos de los caballos (OR=4.2, CI=2.3-7.7), y tienen entrenamiento veterinario o medico humano (OR=2.2, CI=1.2-4.1) y tenían menor posibilidad de necesitar cuidado veterinario primario con > 30 minutos de tiempo de viaje (OR=0.5, CI=0.3-0.9). Los dueños de caballos que obtuvieron medicamentos a través de una fuente que no cumplía VCPR tenían tendencia a ser hombres (OR=5.6, CI=1.6-19.4), tener < 40 años de edad (OR=2.0, CI=1.2-3.2), y residir en las regiones del Sur o Oeste de los EEUU (OR=2.4, CI= 1.4-4,0). Unassigned: Posible sesgo de distribución, autoselección, respuesta y recuerdos como resultado de una metodología de muestreo por conveniencia. Conclusions: Una discusión entre veterinarios y dueños de caballos al respecto de los analgésicos disponibles y la competencia de los dueños en administrar estos medicamentos podría mejorar las recomendaciones de cuidados veterinarios y el cumplimiento de los dueños.
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Publication Date: 2022-02-23 PubMed ID: 35124834DOI: 10.1111/evj.13564Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
Summary
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The research evaluates the factors associated with the possession and use of equnie analgesic, or pain relieving, drugs by horse owners in the United States, especially the acquisition from sources that don’t comply with proper veterinarian-client-patient (VCPR) protocol. The significant findings of this cross-sectional survey-style research encompass responses from 389 US horse owners on their practices and confidence regarding equine pain medications.
Methodology
- A cross-sectional survey based on an internet questionnaire was used to gather data.
- The questionnaire addressed areas related to horse ownership and the use of equine analgesic drugs.
- The researchers analysed factors that correlated with the possession of five or more types of pain relievers and the acquisition of such drugs from non-VCPR compliant sources.
- Logistic regression was utilised to process the data.
Key Results
- With a response from 389 horse owners, it was found approximately 96% of the respondents have access to at least one type of equine analgesic drug, and most of them feel confident in administering these drugs.
- Horse owners possessing five or more types of analgesic drugs were more likely to have managed over 20 horses in their lifetime, have some form of medical insurance for their horses, and possess veterinary or human medical training.
- Interestingly, horse owners who acquired drugs from non-VCPR compliant sources were statistically more likely to be male, aged 40 or under, and residents of southern or western regions of the US.
Implications and Limitations
- The study identified possible limitations in the research due to various biases like distribution, self-selection, response bias, and recall bias inferred from the cross-sectional survey methodology.
- The researchers concluded that discussions between veterinarians and horse owners about analgesic drug options and effective administration could improve veterinary care recommendations and owners’ compliance with VCPR protocol, therefore enhancing the overall wellbeing of horses.
Cite This Article
APA
Sellon DC, Sanz M, Kopper JJ.
(2022).
Acquisition and use of analgesic drugs by horse owners in the United States.
Equine Vet J, 55(1), 69-77.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.13564 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA.
MeSH Terms
- Horses
- Animals
- Male
- Humans
- United States
- Female
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Cross-Sectional Studies
- Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice
- Surveys and Questionnaires
- Analgesics / therapeutic use
Grant Funding
- Zoetis, Inc.
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Citations
This article has been cited 1 times.- Mercer MA, Davis JL, McKenzie HC. The Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutic Evaluation of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs in Adult Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2023 May 10;13(10).
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