FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2021; 19(6); e06645; doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6645

Ad hoc method for the assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials.

Abstract: The European Commission requested EFSA assess antimicrobial-resistant bacteria responsible for animal transmissible diseases, with a view to listing such pathogens for European Union action. This Scientific Opinion addresses the ad hoc method developed: (i) to give a global state of play as regards resistant animal pathogens that cause transmissible animal diseases, (ii) to identify the most relevant bacteria in the EU and (iii) to summarise their actual or potential animal health impact, and to perform their assessment for being listed and categorised according to the criteria of Articles 7, 5, 9 and 8 within the Animal Health Law (AHL) framework. An extensive literature review is carried out to give the global state of play of selected resistant bacteria that constitute a threat to animal health (i). An expert judgement procedure, based on the outcome of the literature review, is applied to identify which among those bacteria subjected to the literature review are the 'most relevant' in the European Union (ii). Their animal health impact in the European Union and their assessment for being listed and categorised according to the AHL framework will follow the 'ad hoc method for the assessment on listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law' that EFSA has developed in the past (iii). The assessment of (i) and (ii) is addressed in distinct scientific opinions that are published separately by animal species of interest (dogs and cats, horses, pigs, poultry, cattle, small ruminants, rabbits and aquatic animal species). The assessment of (iii) is addressed in distinct scientific opinions and published separately by the animal pathogen.
© 2021 European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal published by John Wiley and Sons Ltd on behalf of European Food Safety Authority.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2021-06-03 PubMed ID: 34122661PubMed Central: PMC8173446DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6645Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article presents an ad hoc method developed by the European Commission for assessing animal diseases caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria, with the aim of listing and categorising these pathogens for future action by the European Union. The method includes a comprehensive literature review to evaluate global trends in resistant animal pathogens, followed by expert opinions to specify the most relevant bacteria in the EU.

Research Methodology

  • The study follows an ad hoc methodology, specifically designed for assessing antimicrobial-resistant bacteria causing animal diseases, with an intent to list them under the Animal Health Law (AHL) framework for European action.
  • The method focuses mainly on three aspects: conducting a global review of resistant animal pathogens, identifying the most important bacteria in the EU, and summarising their potential impacts on animal health. These are based on specific criteria set in the AHL.
  • The researchers performed an extensive literature review to gain a comprehensive global overview of resistant bacteria that pose a threat to animal health.
  • This was followed by expert assessments, based on the literature review outcome, to identify relevant bacterial strains in the EU.

Application of the Method

  • The research method and findings are applied and analysed according to animal species within the EU, namely dogs and cats, horses, pigs, poultry, cattle, small ruminants, rabbits, and aquatic animals.
  • The method and its results are applied to the assessment of being listed and categorised under the AHL framework, a procedure that the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) developed previously for the assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases.
  • The evaluations and results have been addressed in distinct scientific opinions, separated by the animal species of interest and the animal pathogen.

Objective of the Study

  • The main aim of the study, prompted by the European Commission, was to list and categorise pathogens responsible for transmissible diseases in animals, caused by antimicrobial-resistant bacteria.
  • The results will help frame policies and strategies for combating the growth of such bacteria and managing the associated risks with animal health in the EU.

Cite This Article

APA
Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Smith P, Aznar I, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. (2021). Ad hoc method for the assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials. EFSA J, 19(6), e06645. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6645

Publication

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
NlmUniqueID: 101642076
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 19
Issue: 6
Pages: e06645
PII: e06645

Researcher Affiliations

Nielsen, Søren Saxmose
    Bicout, Dominique Joseph
      Calistri, Paolo
        Canali, Elisabetta
          Drewe, Julian Ashley
            Garin-Bastuji, Bruno
              Gonzales Rojas, Jose Luis
                Gortazar Schmidt, Christian
                  Herskin, Mette
                    Michel, Virginie
                      Miranda Chueca, Miguel Angel
                        Padalino, Barbara
                          Pasquali, Paolo
                            Roberts, Helen Clare
                              Sihvonen, Liisa Helena
                                Spoolder, Hans
                                  Stahl, Karl
                                    Velarde, Antonio
                                      Viltrop, Arvo
                                        Winckler, Christoph
                                          Dewulf, Jeroen
                                            Guardabassi, Luca
                                              Hilbert, Friederike
                                                Mader, Rodolphe
                                                  Smith, Peter
                                                    Aznar, Inmaculada
                                                      Baldinelli, Francesca
                                                        Alvarez, Julio

                                                          References

                                                          This article includes 5 references
                                                          1. nCLSIn. Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria Isolated From Aquatic Animals, 3rd Edition. 2020.
                                                          2. nEFSAn. Assessment of diseases according to the Animal Health Law criteria. EFSA Journal online.
                                                            doi: 10.1002/(ISSN)1831-4732.AHLgoogle scholar: lookup
                                                          3. More S, Bøtner A, Butterworth A, Calistri P, Depner K, Edwards S, Garin-Bastuji B, Good M, Gortázar Schmidt C, Michel V, Miranda MA, Nielsen SS, Raj M, Sihvonen L, Spoolder H, Stegeman JA, Thulke HH, Velarde A, Willeberg P, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Candiani D, Gervelmeyer A, Zancanaro G, Kohnle L, Morgado J, Bicout D. Ad hoc method for the assessment on listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law.. EFSA J 2017 Jul;15(7):e04783.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2017.4783pmc: PMC7010140pubmed: 32625537google scholar: lookup
                                                          4. Benford D, Halldorsson T, Jeger MJ, Knutsen HK, More S, Naegeli H, Noteborn H, Ockleford C, Ricci A, Rychen G, Schlatter JR, Silano V, Solecki R, Turck D, Younes M, Craig P, Hart A, Von Goetz N, Koutsoumanis K, Mortensen A, Ossendorp B, Martino L, Merten C, Mosbach-Schulz O, Hardy A. Guidance on Uncertainty Analysis in Scientific Assessments.. EFSA J 2018 Jan;16(1):e05123.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5123pmc: PMC7009727pubmed: 32625671google scholar: lookup
                                                          5. nEMAn. Categorisation of antibiotics in the European Union (EMA/CVMP/CHMP/682198/2017). 2020.

                                                          Citations

                                                          This article has been cited 19 times.
                                                          1. Moses IB, Santos FF, Gales AC. Human Colonization and Infection by Staphylococcus pseudintermedius: An Emerging and Underestimated Zoonotic Pathogen. Microorganisms 2023 Feb 25;11(3).
                                                            doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11030581pubmed: 36985155google scholar: lookup
                                                          2. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus cecorum in poultry. EFSA J 2022 Feb;20(2):e07126.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7126pubmed: 36926260google scholar: lookup
                                                          3. Vilaró A, Novell E, Enrique-Tarancon V, Balielles J, Migura-García L, Fraile L. Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Porcine Bacterial Pathogens: Investigating the Prospect of Testing a Representative Drug for Each Antimicrobial Family. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022 May 10;11(5).
                                                            doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11050638pubmed: 35625283google scholar: lookup
                                                          4. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in dogs and cats, horses, swine, poultry, cattle, sheep and goats. EFSA J 2022 May;20(5):e07311.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7311pubmed: 35582363google scholar: lookup
                                                          5. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in cattle and horses. EFSA J 2022 May;20(5):e07312.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7312pubmed: 35582361google scholar: lookup
                                                          6. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dogs and cats. EFSA J 2022 May;20(5):e07310.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7310pubmed: 35515338google scholar: lookup
                                                          7. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Van der Stede Y, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Brachyspira hyodysenteriae in swine. EFSA J 2022 Mar;20(3):e07124.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7124pubmed: 35317125google scholar: lookup
                                                          8. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in poultry. EFSA J 2022 Feb;20(2):e07127.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7127pubmed: 35228848google scholar: lookup
                                                          9. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Rhodococcus equi in horses. EFSA J 2022 Feb;20(2):e07081.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7081pubmed: 35136423google scholar: lookup
                                                          10. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Romalde JL, Smith P, Baldinelli F, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: kept fish species. EFSA J 2022 Feb;20(2):e07076.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7076pubmed: 35136422google scholar: lookup
                                                          11. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortázar C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MÁ, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Ståhl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Baldinelli F, Broglia A, Kohnle L, Alvarez J. Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius in dogs and cats. EFSA J 2022 Feb;20(2):e07080.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7080pubmed: 35126739google scholar: lookup
                                                          12. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Poultry. EFSA J 2021 Dec;19(12):e07114.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.7114pubmed: 34987629google scholar: lookup
                                                          13. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Swine. EFSA J 2021 Dec;19(12):e07113.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.7113pubmed: 34987628google scholar: lookup
                                                          14. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Horses. EFSA J 2021 Dec;19(12):e07112.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.7112pubmed: 34987627google scholar: lookup
                                                          15. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: rabbits. EFSA J 2021 Dec;19(12):e06999.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6999pubmed: 34987624google scholar: lookup
                                                          16. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: cattle. EFSA J 2021 Dec;19(12):e06955.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6955pubmed: 34938371google scholar: lookup
                                                          17. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Dewulf J, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: sheep and goats. EFSA J 2021 Dec;19(12):e06956.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6956pubmed: 34934457google scholar: lookup
                                                          18. Nielsen SS, Bicout DJ, Calistri P, Canali E, Drewe JA, Garin-Bastuji B, Gonzales Rojas JL, Gortazar Schmidt C, Herskin M, Michel V, Miranda Chueca MA, Padalino B, Pasquali P, Roberts HC, Sihvonen LH, Spoolder H, Stahl K, Velarde A, Viltrop A, Winckler C, Guardabassi L, Hilbert F, Mader R, Aznar I, Baldinelli F, Alvarez J. Assessment of animal diseases caused by bacteria resistant to antimicrobials: Dogs and cats. EFSA J 2021 Jun;19(6):e06680.
                                                            doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6680pubmed: 34194578google scholar: lookup
                                                          19. Vilaró A, Novell E, Enrique-Tarancon V, Baliellas J, Migura-García L, Fraile L. The Susceptibility Trends of Respiratory and Enteric Porcine Pathogens to Last-Resource Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023 Oct 28;12(11).
                                                            doi: 10.3390/antibiotics12111575pubmed: 37998776google scholar: lookup
                                                          Subscribe to our newsletter
                                                          Join 99,780 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.