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Home / Equine Research Bank / Annu Rev Entomol / African Horse Sickness Virus: History, Transmission, and Cur...
Annual review of entomology2017; 62; 343-358; doi: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035010

African Horse Sickness Virus: History, Transmission, and Current Status.

Abstract: African horse sickness virus (AHSV) is a lethal arbovirus of equids that is transmitted between hosts primarily by biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). AHSV affects draft, thoroughbred, and companion horses and donkeys in Africa, Asia, and Europe. In this review, we examine the impact of AHSV critically and discuss entomological studies that have been conducted to improve understanding of its epidemiology and control. The transmission of AHSV remains a major research focus and we critically review studies that have implicated both Culicoides and other blood-feeding arthropods in this process. We explore AHSV both as an epidemic pathogen and within its endemic range as a barrier to development, an area of interest that has been underrepresented in studies of the virus to date. By discussing AHSV transmission in the African republics of South Africa and Senegal, we provide a more balanced view of the virus as a threat to equids in a diverse range of settings, thus leading to a discussion of key areas in which our knowledge of transmission could be improved. The use of entomological data to detect, predict and control AHSV is also examined, including reference to existing studies carried out during unprecedented outbreaks of bluetongue virus in Europe, an arbovirus of wild and domestic ruminants also transmitted by Culicoides.
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Publication Date: 2017-02-01 PubMed ID: 28141961DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035010Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Historical Article
  • Journal Article
  • Review
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article reviews the African horse sickness virus (AHSV), a deadly virus that impacts horses and donkeys. By examining the history, transmission, and current state of the disease, the researchers aim to improve understanding of its epidemiology and control.

Understanding African Horse Sickness Virus

  • AHSV is an arbovirus lethal to equids, animals such as horses and donkeys. The virus spreads primarily through biting midges belonging to the Culicoides genus.
  • The virus impacts draft, thoroughbred, and companion horses and donkeys in regions spanning from Africa and Asia to Europe.
  • The article critically examines the impact of AHSV and discusses studies that aim to enhance understanding of its epidemiology, transmission, and control.

AHSV Transmission: The Main Focus of Research

  • Most research conducted focuses on the transmission of AHSV.
  • Many studies have indicated both Culicoides and other blood-feeding arthropods as key contributors to the transmission process.
  • The article critically reviews these studies to contribute to the understanding and control of the disease.

AHSV: An Epidemic Pathogen and Barrier to Development

  • The virus is not only studied as an epidemic pathogen but also in its role as a barrier to development within its endemic range.
  • This aspect of the virus has been underrepresented in many studies.
  • The article discusses AHSV transmission in South Africa and Senegal in particular to provide more diversity in understanding the threat of the virus.

Detecting, Predicting, and Controlling AHSV Using Entomological Data

  • The researchers discuss the practical use of entomological data in detecting, predicting, and controlling AHSV.
  • This includes reviewing existing studies on unprecedented outbreaks of bluetongue virus (another arbovirus transmitted by Culicoides) in Europe as a possible reference for predicting and controlling AHSV.

Cite This Article

APA
Carpenter S, Mellor PS, Fall AG, Garros C, Venter GJ. (2017). African Horse Sickness Virus: History, Transmission, and Current Status. Annu Rev Entomol, 62, 343-358. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-ento-031616-035010

Publication

Annual review of entomology
ISSN: 1545-4487
NlmUniqueID: 0372367
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 62
Pages: 343-358

Researcher Affiliations

Carpenter, Simon
  • Vector-borne Viral Diseases Program, Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom; email: simon.carpenter@pirbright.ac.uk.
Mellor, Philip S
  • Vector-borne Viral Diseases Program, Pirbright Institute, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, United Kingdom; email: simon.carpenter@pirbright.ac.uk.
Fall, Assane G
  • ISRA-LNERV, BP 3120 Dakar, Senegal.
Garros, Claire
  • Cirad UMR15 CMAEE, 34398 Montpellier, Cedex 5, France.
Venter, Gert J
  • Parasites, Vectors, and Vector-Borne Diseases, Agricultural Research Council-Onderstepoort Veterinary Institute, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
  • Department of Veterinary Tropical Diseases, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0001, South Africa.

MeSH Terms

  • Africa
  • African Horse Sickness / history
  • African Horse Sickness / transmission
  • African Horse Sickness / virology
  • African Horse Sickness Virus
  • Animals
  • Asia
  • Ceratopogonidae / virology
  • Equidae
  • Europe
  • History, 15th Century
  • History, 16th Century
  • History, 17th Century
  • History, 18th Century
  • History, 19th Century
  • History, 20th Century
  • History, 21st Century
  • History, Medieval
  • Horse Diseases / history
  • Horse Diseases / transmission
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Senegal
  • South Africa

Grant Funding

  • BBS/E/I/00001701 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

Citations

This article has been cited 58 times.
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