Agreement of stall-side and laboratory major crossmatch tests with the reference standard method in horses.
Abstract: Crossmatching is used to prevent life-threatening transfusion reactions in horses. Laboratory methods are laborious and technically challenging, which is impractical during emergencies. Objective: Evaluate agreement between a stall-side crossmatch kit (KIT) and a laboratory method (LAB) in horses with known and unknown blood types. Methods: Twenty-four blood-typed and alloantibody-screened healthy adult horses (Aim 1) and 156 adult horses of unknown blood type (Aim 2). Methods: Prospective, blinded study. Expected positive (n = 35) and negative (n = 36) crossmatches among 24 antibody and blood-typed horses were used to determine sensitivity and specificity of KIT and LAB against the reference method. Agreement in 156 untyped horses was evaluated by reciprocal crossmatch (n = 156). Results: Sensitivity (95% confidence interval [CI]) for LAB and KIT compared with expected reactions was 77.1% (59.9%-90.0%) and 91.4% (77.0%-98.2%), and specificity 77.8% (60.9%-89.9%) and 73.5% (55.6%-87.1%), respectively. The KIT was 100% sensitive for Aa reactions; LAB was 100% sensitive for Qab; and both were 100% sensitive for Ca. Cohen's κ agreement for LAB and KIT with expected positive and negative reactions (n = 71) was moderate (0.55 [0.36-0.74]) and substantial (0.65 [0.47-0.82]), respectively. Agreement was fair comparing LAB with KIT in Aim 1 (0.30 [0.08-0.52]) and in untyped horses in Aim 2 (0.26 [0.11-0.41]). Conclusions: Agreement between KIT and LAB with expected reactions was blood type dependent. Performance of both methods depends on blood type prevalence.
© 2020 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Publication Date: 2020-02-04 PubMed ID: 32017276PubMed Central: PMC7096648DOI: 10.1111/jvim.15710Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Evaluation Study
- Journal Article
- Adult Horses
- Blood
- Clinical Findings
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Comparative Study
- Diagnosis
- Diagnostic Technique
- Disease control
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Management
- Disease Prevention
- Disease Surveillance
- Disease Treatment
- Emergency Care
- Equine Health
- Horses
- Laboratory Methods
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Practice
- Veterinary Procedure
Summary
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The research article discusses the comparison between the agreement of a stall-side crossmatch kit (KIT) and a laboratory method (LAB) against a standard method to prevent life-threatening transfusion reactions in horses. The study includes results derived from blood-typed and alloantibody-screened healthy adult horses as well as adult horses with unknown blood types.
Objective and Methodology
- The objective of the study was to evaluate the agreement between a stall-side crossmatch kit (KIT) and a laboratory method (LAB) in horses with known and unknown blood types. An important goal was to find a convenient and quick method to crossmatch horse’s blood during emergencies.
- The study was conducted enrolling 24 blood-typed and alloantibody-screened healthy adult horses and 156 adult horses of unknown blood type. Specifically, the study included two aims:
- Aim 1: Involves 24 blood-typed and alloantibody-screened healthy adult horses used to compare the results with known blood groups and antibodies.
- Aim 2: Involves 156 adult horses of unknown blood type to analyze the efficiency of the laboratory method and the kit in detecting unknown blood groups and antibodies.
- The expected positive and negative crossmatches among the 24 antibody and blood-typed horses were used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of both KIT and LAB against the standard method.
- The agreement in 156 untyped horses was evaluated by reciprocal crossmatch.
Results and Inferences
- The result of the study demonstrated that the sensitivity and specificity of both KIT and LAB differ. The laboratory method had a sensitivity of 77.1%, and the kit had a sensitivity of 91.4%. The specificity results showed the laboratory method at 77.8% and the kit at 73.5%.
- It was observed that the kit was 100% sensitive for Aa reactions. Similarly, the laboratory method showed 100% sensitivity for Qab reactions, both KIT and LAB were 100% sensitive for Ca.
- Additionally, the Cohen’s κ agreement for LAB and KIT with expected positive and negative reactions was moderate and substantial, respectively. However, the agreement between LAB and KIT considered fair in both Aim 1 (24 blood-typed horses) and Aim 2 (156 untyped horses).
Conclusion
- The study concludes that the agreement between the KIT and LAB with the expected reactions was dependent on the blood type.
- The performance of both methods was observed to be blood type prevalence dependent.
Cite This Article
APA
Fenn MS, Bortsie-Aryee AD, Perkins GA, Mann S, Tomlinson JE, Wood EM, Mix SE, Stokol T.
(2020).
Agreement of stall-side and laboratory major crossmatch tests with the reference standard method in horses.
J Vet Intern Med, 34(2), 941-948.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.15710 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Cornell University, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.
- Cornell University, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.
- Cornell University, Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.
- Cornell University, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.
- Cornell University, Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.
- Cornell University, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.
- Cornell University, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.
- Cornell University, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Ithaca, New York.
MeSH Terms
- Animal Husbandry
- Animals
- Blood Grouping and Crossmatching / veterinary
- Blood Transfusion / veterinary
- Female
- Horses / blood
- Male
- Point-of-Care Systems
- Prospective Studies
- Sensitivity and Specificity
Grant Funding
- Harry M. Zweig Memorial Fund for Equine Research
Conflict of Interest Statement
Authors declare no conflict of interest.
References
This article includes 15 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Kakoi H, Kikuchi M, Ishige T, Hirosawa Y, Tanaka S, Nagata SI. Monitoring the positive conversion of anti-erythrocyte antibodies in blood transfusion donor horses. J Equine Sci 2023 Jun;34(2):47-49.
- Jamieson CA, Baillie SL, Johnson JP. Blood Transfusion in Equids-A Practical Approach and Review. Animals (Basel) 2022 Aug 23;12(17).
- Kakoi H, Kikuchi M, Ishige T, Nagata SI, Hirosawa Y, Tanaka S, Kishinami T. Investigation of erythrocyte antigen frequencies in draft horse populations in Japan to assess blood donor suitability. J Equine Sci 2021 Mar;32(1):17-19.
- Proverbio D, Perego R, Baggiani L, Ferrucci F, Zucca E, Nobile F, Spada E. Prevalence of Ca Blood Type and Alloantibodies in a Population of Horses from Italy. Animals (Basel) 2020 Jul 13;10(7).
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