Alterations of cardiac and renal biomarkers in horses naturally infected with theileria equi.
Abstract: Equine theileriosis due to Theileria equi is probably the most widespread and pathogenic disease of equines, which comes with major cardiac and renal complications. This study was undertaken to investigate the biomarkers of cardiac and renal functions in horses infected with T. equi and determine the association between these parameters and the level of parasitemia. Giemsa-stained blood smears from 300 horses with ages of 3-4 years old were examined for detection of T. equi on erythrocytes. Moreover, multiplex PCR was employed for confirmation of the diagnosis in the 28 positive cases. Based on the rate of red blood cell infection, the infected animals were subdivided into horses with low (n = 9), moderate (n = 13) and high (n = 6) parasitemia. The concentrations of urea, creatinine, cystatin-C, cardiac troponin I (cTn-I), homocysteine (Hcy), myocardial fractions of creatine kinase (CK-MB) and d-dimer were determined in control (healthy) horses (n = 20) and the infected animals. The results revealed that both the renal (urea, creatinine and cystatin-C) and the cardiac (cTn-I, Hcy, CK-MB and d-dimer) biomarkers increased in a parasitemia burden-dependent pattern. However, urea, creatinine, cTn-I and d-dimer levels were not significantly influenced in the horses infected with low rate ( 0.05). Moreover, all of the biomarkers were significantly and positively associated with the parasitemia (R> 0.5). In conclusion, T. equi infection was related to cardiac and renal complications evidenced by increase in the levels of biomarkers and evaluation of these indices may have promise for early diagnosis of the complications.
Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Publication Date: 2020-05-30 PubMed ID: 32505763DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101502Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Biomarkers
- Blood
- Cardiac Arrhythmias
- Clinical Pathology
- Clinical Study
- Complications
- Creatinine
- Diagnosis
- Disease Diagnosis
- Disease Etiology
- Equine Diseases
- Equine Health
- Equine Science
- Erythrocytes
- Genetics
- Horses
- Infection
- Infectious Disease
- Pathogenesis
- Physiology
- Piroplasmosis
- Renal Health
- Theileria equi
- Urea
- Veterinary Medicine
- Veterinary Research
Summary
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The research article discusses a study on the impact of theileria equi infection on the cardiac and renal functions in horses. The study elucidates a positive correlation between the level of parasitemia and the increase in renal and cardiac biomarkers, suggesting potential renal and cardiac complications due to the infection.
Objective of the Research
- The primary goal of this research was to investigate the correlation between the biomarkers of cardiac and renal functions and the level of parasitemia in horses infected with Theileria equi. The study mainly aimed to identify any relationship between cardiac and renal complications and the T. equi infection.
Research Methodology
- The researchers analyzed blood smears stained with Giemsa from 300 horses, identified by multiplex PCR for T. equi infection. These horses were all 3-4 years old.
- The infected horses, confirmed by 28 positive cases, were further categorized based on the level of red blood cell infection into low, moderate, and high parasitemia groups.
- The study then investigated the concentrations of certain biomarkers (renal: urea, creatinine, cystatin-C; and cardiac: cardiac troponin I, homocysteine, myocardial fractions of creatine kinase and d-dimer) in both healthy horses and infected ones.
Research Findings
- The study noticed an uptick in the levels of both cardiac and renal biomarkers in proportion with the parasitemia burden.
- However, the horses with a low infection rate (less than 1%) did not show significant alterations in urea, creatinine, cardiac troponin I, and d-dimer levels.
- Further, all the biomarkers studied exhibited a strong positive correlation with the level of parasitemia.
Conclusions
- The concluded findings from the research highlighted a link between T. equi infection and potential cardiac and renal complications, as witnessed by the increased levels of respective biomarkers with the infection.
- Evaluation of these biomarkers could be promising for diagnosing complications earlier in the parasitic infection, aiding in efficient treatment.
Cite This Article
APA
Ahmadpour S, Esmaeilnejad B, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Asri-Rezaei S.
(2020).
Alterations of cardiac and renal biomarkers in horses naturally infected with theileria equi.
Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis, 71, 101502.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101502 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Electronic address: b.esmaeilnejad@urmia.ac.ir.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
Conflict of Interest Statement
Declaration of Competing Interest The authors disclose no conflict of interest.
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Gołyński M, Metyk M, Ciszewska J, Szczepanik MP, Fitch G, Bęczkowski PM. Homocysteine-Potential Novel Diagnostic Indicator of Health and Disease in Horses.. Animals (Basel) 2023 Apr 11;13(8).
- Galen GV, Olsen E, Siwinska N. Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature.. Animals (Basel) 2022 Oct 5;12(19).
- Dirks E, de Heus P, Joachim A, Cavalleri JV, Schwendenwein I, Melchert M, Fuehrer HP. First Case of Autochthonous Equine Theileriosis in Austria.. Pathogens 2021 Mar 4;10(3).
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