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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / An assessment of the utility and repeatability of the renal ...
PloS one2019; 14(12); e0226941; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226941

An assessment of the utility and repeatability of the renal resistive index in horses.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to establish the value of the renal resistive index (RI) of intrarenal arteries in healthy warmblood non-racing horses of different ages to assess the influence of physiologic factors and repeatability of measurement. The kidney ultrasonography examination was performed in three age groups: 15 foals, 15 adults and 15 elderly horses. The procedure was performed in unsedated standing animals. RI values were measured using pulsed-wave Doppler at the medial part of each kidney in the intrarenal arteries. To evaluate repeatability, all measurements were repeated two hours after the first examination. Statistical analysis of the relationship between groups was carried out using Fisher's test. The relationship between the RI value and the physiological parameters was evaluated using linear regression. Repeatability of measurements was determined based on the Bland-Altman plot. The mean RI value in the studied horses was 0.48 ± 0.05 in the left kidney and 0.49 ± 0.05 in the right kidney. There were no statistically significant differences between the RI values in foals and adult horses. The elderly horses had a significantly higher RI value. Pulse pressure was the only physiological parameter affecting the RI value. The repeatability coefficient was 0.089 for the right kidney and 0.09 for the left kidney. The presented result suggest that elderly healthy horses have higher RI values than younger animals, which should be taken into account in clinical practice. The arterial pulse pressure should also be considered when interpreting RI values. The measurements have high repeatability, but in the authors' opinion, this procedure is time consuming and requires experience.
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Publication Date: 2019-12-26 PubMed ID: 31877188PubMed Central: PMC6932750DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226941Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study evaluates the viability of using Renal Resistive Index (RI), a measure of kidney health, in horses of various ages, and determines the factors influencing it. It concludes that older horses have higher RI values, and these measures are significantly influenced by pulse pressure.

Objective of the Study

  • The primary aim of the research was to investigate the efficacy of using Renal Resistive Index (RI) as a measure of renal health in healthy warmblood non-racing horses across different age groups.

Methodology

  • The researchers conducted kidney ultrasonography examinations across three age groups, consisting of 15 foals, 15 adults, and 15 elderly horses. The examination was performed while the horses were standing and undisturbed.
  • Each horse’s RI was recorded by using a pulsed-wave Doppler in the medial section of each kidney.
  • To ascertain the repeatability of the procedure, all measurements were repeated after two hours.
  • The data was then subjected to statistical analysis using Fisher’s test to discern the relationship between the groups. Linear regression was used to examine the association between the RI values and physiological parameters. The Bland-Altman plot method was used to establish the repeatability of measurements.

Findings

  • The average RI value discovered in the studied horses was 0.48 ± 0.05 for the left kidney and 0.49 ± 0.05 for the right kidney.
  • No significant differences were observed between the RI values in foals and adult horses. However, the RI values in the elderly horses were notably higher.
  • The only physiological parameter found to affect the RI value was pulse pressure.
  • The repeatability of the procedure was high, with a coefficient of 0.089 and 0.09 for the right and left kidneys respectively.

Conclusion

  • The study proposes that older, healthy horses typically have higher RI values than younger horses, a factor to be considered in clinical practice. Alongside this, a horse’s arterial pulse pressure should also be taken into account when interpreting RI values.
  • The researchers also commented on the methodology, stating that while the measurements were highly consistent, the procedure was deemed time-consuming and demanding in terms of experience.

Cite This Article

APA
Siwinska N, Zak A, Slowikowska M, Szczepankiewicz B, Niedzwiedz A, Paslawska U. (2019). An assessment of the utility and repeatability of the renal resistive index in horses. PLoS One, 14(12), e0226941. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0226941

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 14
Issue: 12
Pages: e0226941
PII: e0226941

Researcher Affiliations

Siwinska, Natalia
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki, Wroclaw, Poland.
Zak, Agnieszka
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki, Wroclaw, Poland.
Slowikowska, Malwina
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki, Wroclaw, Poland.
Szczepankiewicz, Barbara
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki, Wroclaw, Poland.
Niedzwiedz, Artur
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki, Wroclaw, Poland.
Paslawska, Urszula
  • Department of Internal Medicine and Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Pl. Grunwaldzki, Wroclaw, Poland.

MeSH Terms

  • Aging
  • Animals
  • Blood Pressure
  • Female
  • Horses / physiology
  • Kidney / blood supply
  • Male
  • Renal Artery / physiology
  • Renal Circulation
  • Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color
  • Vascular Resistance

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Yu A, Zhao Q, Qu Y, Liu G. Renal Doppler Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Renal Function in Patients with Sepsis.. Appl Bionics Biomech 2022;2022:3472405.
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  2. Szczepankiewicz B, Pasławska U, Siwińska N, Plens K, Pasławski R. Evaluation of the diagnostic value of the renal resistive index as a marker of the subclinical development of cardiorenal syndrome in MMVD dogs.. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2021 Jan-Dec;22(1):1470320321995082.
    doi: 10.1177/1470320321995082pubmed: 33730896google scholar: lookup
  3. Barreiro-Vázquez JD, Miranda M, Barreiro-Lois A. Transabdominal Renal Doppler Ultrasound in Healthy Adult Holstein-Friesian Cows: A Pilot Study.. Animals (Basel) 2020 Dec 31;11(1).
    doi: 10.3390/ani11010063pubmed: 33396331google scholar: lookup
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