An emerging equine parvovirus circulates in thoroughbred horses in north Xinjiang, China, 2018.
Abstract: In 2015, a novel equine parvovirus, equine parvovirus-cerebrospinal fluid (EqPV-CSF), was identified from cerebrospinal fluid of a horse with neurological signs and lymphocytosis in USA. In our study, an EqPV-CSF-like virus was detected from 15 serum samples of 65 imported thoroughbred horses during custom quarantine in north Xinjiang province, China. Further field investigation in several major horse-producing areas in Xinjiang using specific PCR showed that this virus was detected mainly in thoroughbred horses (39/154 positive) previously imported, not in local breeds (0/127 positive). Phylogenetic analysis based on NS1 gene showed the virus was grouped together with EqPV-CSF in genus Copiparvovirus. The study presents valuable information showing that EqPV-CSF-like virus was likely exotic and introduced into Xinjiang through international trade of horses.
© 2019 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
Publication Date: 2020-01-28 PubMed ID: 31793239DOI: 10.1111/tbed.13443Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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The research article indicates that a variant of equine parvovirus, found in horses’ cerebrospinal fluid in America, has been detected in thoroughbred horses in north Xinjiang province, China. This raises questions about the virus’s origins and introduction via international horse trade.
Origins and Detection of the Virus
- A novel equine parvovirus, known as equine parvovirus-cerebrospinal fluid (EqPV-CSF), was first discovered in 2015 in the United States in a horse displaying neurological symptoms and lymphocytosis – an abnormal increase in white blood cells.
- In their study, the researchers detected a similar virus to EqPV-CSF in 15 out of 65 serum samples taken from imported thoroughbred horses in north Xinjiang, China during customs quarantine.
Further Investigation and Results
- A more extensive field study, conducted in several key horse-producing areas across Xinjiang using specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR), found that this virus was primarily present in previously imported thoroughbred horses, with 39 out of 154 horses testing positive.
- Interestingly, local breeds did not test positive for the virus (0 out of 127 horses).
Phylogenetic Analysis and Conclusions
- The researchers conducted a phylogenetic analysis based on the NS1 gene – a highly conserved feature among parvoviruses. This analysis showed that the identified virus in Xinjiang formed a group with EqPV-CSF, placing it in the Copiparvovirus genus.
- These findings, therefore, suggest that the EqPV-CSF-like virus found in China was not native to the region, but was likely introduced through the international trade of thoroughbred horses. This provides valuable insight into how diseases can spread through global trade routes.
Cite This Article
APA
Xie J, Tong P, Zhang A, Song X, Zhang L, Shaya N, Kuang L.
(2020).
An emerging equine parvovirus circulates in thoroughbred horses in north Xinjiang, China, 2018.
Transbound Emerg Dis, 67(3), 1052-1056.
https://doi.org/10.1111/tbed.13443 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Wulumuqi, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Wulumuqi, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Wulumuqi, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Wulumuqi, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Wulumuqi, China.
- Yili Center of Animal Disease Control and Diagnosis, Yili Animal Health Inspection, Yining, China.
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Wulumuqi, China.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- China / epidemiology
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging / epidemiology
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging / veterinary
- Communicable Diseases, Emerging / virology
- Female
- Horse Diseases / epidemiology
- Horse Diseases / virology
- Horses
- Male
- Metagenomics
- Parvoviridae Infections / epidemiology
- Parvoviridae Infections / veterinary
- Parvoviridae Infections / virology
- Parvovirus / genetics
- Parvovirus / isolation & purification
- Phylogeny
- Viral Nonstructural Proteins / genetics
Grant Funding
- 2019M653901XB / China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
- 2019D01A47 / Natural Science Foundation of Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region
- XJAU201721 / Prior Period Project of Xinjiang Agricultural University
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Citations
This article has been cited 4 times.- Ou J, Li J, Wang X, Zhong L, Xu L, Xie J, Lu G, Li S. Genetic characterization of three recently discovered parvoviruses circulating in equines in China. Front Vet Sci 2022;9:1033107.
- Yoon J, Park T, Kim A, Song H, Park BJ, Ahn HS, Go HJ, Kim DH, Lee JB, Park SY, Song CS, Lee SW, Choi IS. First Detection and Genetic Characterization of New Equine Parvovirus Species Circulating among Horses in Korea. Vet Sci 2021 Nov 7;8(11).
- Jager MC, Tomlinson JE, Lopez-Astacio RA, Parrish CR, Van de Walle GR. Small but mighty: old and new parvoviruses of veterinary significance. Virol J 2021 Oct 24;18(1):210.
- Pusterla N, James K, Barnum S, Delwart E. Investigation of Three Newly Identified Equine Parvoviruses in Blood and Nasal Fluid Samples of Clinically Healthy Horses and Horses with Acute Onset of Respiratory Disease. Animals (Basel) 2021 Oct 19;11(10).
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