An evaluation of chemical arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in the horse by using monoiodoacetate.
Abstract: The use of monoiodoacetate (MIA) for arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) and the effect of exercise on the degree of fusion were investigated. Eight horses received 3 injections (Weeks 0, 3, 6) of MIA (2 mL; 60 mg/mL) into the right or left front PIJ. Peri-operatively, the horses received phenylbutazone, butorphanol, and abaxial sesamoidean nerve blocks to relieve pain. During the study, the horses were monitored for general health, lameness, and swelling around the injection area. Radiographs were taken biweekly to evaluate bony fusion. Horses were randomly divided into non-exercised and exercised groups. Exercise consisted of 20 minutes of trotting on a treadmill (4 m/s), 3 days per week for 13 weeks. The horses were euthanized at 24 weeks. Slab sections of the PIJ were evaluated grossly and radiographically for bony fusion. Histologic examinations were performed to evaluate articular cartilage. Three horses were excluded from the study after developing soft tissue necrosis around the injection site, septic arthritis, and necrotic tendinitis. The remaining horses remained healthy, developed a grade 1 to 4 lameness with minimal to severe swelling in the PIJ region. All 5 horses showed radiographic evidence of bony fusion, however, no fusion was present when injected joints were examined on postmortem examination. Histologic examination revealed thinning of the cartilage, diffuse necrosis of chondrocytes, with the calcified zone intact. Subjectively, exercise did not influence the degree of cartilage destruction. Based on this study, chemical arthrodesis cannot be advocated in clinical cases because of the high complication rate and lack of bony fusion.
Publication Date: 2000-10-21 PubMed ID: 11041498PubMed Central: PMC1189620
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- Clinical Trial
- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
Summary
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This study evaluates the use of monoiodoacetate (MIA), a chemical commonly used in arthrodesis, in fusing the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIJ) in horses. The study found that while an indication of bony fusion was observed in radiographs, no fusion was observed during postmortem examinations. The high rate of complications, and the absence of true bony fusion post injection suggests chemical arthrodesis with MIA is not recommended.
Methodology
- The study involved eight horses divided into exercised and non-exercised groups. These horses received three injections of MIA at various intervals.
- To manage pain during the study, medication like phenylbutazone, butorphanol, and abaxial sesamoidean nerve blocks were administered.
- General health, lameness, swelling at the injection site were monitored, and bony fusion was evaluated through biweekly radiographs.
- The exercised group underwent treadmill trotting three days per week for a period of 13 weeks.
- The horses were euthanized after 24 weeks for further examination.
Results
- Three horses were excluded from the study due to severe complications including necrosis, septic arthritis, and necrotic tendinitis.
- The remaining horses developed varying degrees of lameness and swelling.
- Radiographs indicated evidence of bony fusion. However, this was contradicted by the absence of fusion in postmortem examinations.
- Cartilage damage, characterized by thinning and widespread chondrocyte (cartilage-cell) necrosis was observed but the calcified zone remained intact.
- Exercise had no noticeable effect on the extent of cartilage destruction.
Conclusion
- The study found a clear discrepancy between radiographic evidence of bony fusion and the actual absence of fusion during postmortem examinations.
- Due to the high complication rate, including necrosis and septic arthritis, and the lack of observed bony fusion, the study deems chemical arthrodesis with MIA non-advocable for clinical use on horses.
- The study also found that exercise did not appear to influence the degree of cartilage destruction.
Cite This Article
APA
Penraat JH, Allen AL, Fretz PB, Bailey JV.
(2000).
An evaluation of chemical arthrodesis of the proximal interphalangeal joint in the horse by using monoiodoacetate.
Can J Vet Res, 64(4), 212-221.
Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Veterinary Anesthesiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon. Jan.Penraat@admin3.usask.ca
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arthrodesis / adverse effects
- Arthrodesis / methods
- Arthrodesis / veterinary
- Enzyme Inhibitors / adverse effects
- Enzyme Inhibitors / therapeutic use
- Female
- Hoof and Claw / pathology
- Horse Diseases / drug therapy
- Horses
- Iodoacetates / adverse effects
- Iodoacetates / therapeutic use
- Joint Diseases / drug therapy
- Joint Diseases / pathology
- Joint Diseases / veterinary
- Male
References
This article includes 9 references
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Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Hall NP, Heaton KT, Farnsworth KD, Ragle CA. Ex-vivo articular cartilage removal from equine proximal interphalangeal joints using cannulated drill bits. Can Vet J 2022 Sep;63(9):967-970.
- Spadari A, Forni G, Del Magno S, Tagliavia C, Canova M, Grandis A, Rinnovati R. The Comparison of Latero-Medial versus Dorso-Palmar/Plantar Drilling for Cartilage Removal in the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint. Animals (Basel) 2021 Jun 21;11(6).
- Seo JP, Yamaga T, Tsuzuki N, Yamada K, Haneda S, Furuoka H, Tabata Y, Sasaki N. Minimally invasive proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis using a locking compression plate and tissue engineering in horses: a pilot study. Can Vet J 2014 Nov;55(11):1050-6.
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