An exploration of stakeholder perceptions to inform the development of an evidence-based classification system in para dressage.

This study aims to understand the key aspects that determine performance in para dressage (a form of horse riding in the Paralympics) based on different stakeholders’ perspectives. It will help carve out an evidence-based classification system to assess riders’ impairments and their relationship to performance in the sport.

Research Objective and Methodology

• The objective of the study was to explore the perspectives of 30 stakeholders involved in Para Dressage. Stakeholders included athletes, classifiers, judges, and coaches. This exploration aimed to understand the key determinants of performance in the sport and the impact of impairment on these determinants.
• Information was gathered using semi-structured interviews and then analysed using the Framework method, a systematic and visual approach to qualitative data analysis.

Research Findings

• Findings were organized into two main themes: attributes of the human athlete and equine (the horse). These attributes were fundamental to overall dressage performance, and their examination occurred within the context of impairment and the horse-rider partnership.
• The key performance determinants were summarized as the rider’s ability to maintain dynamic postural control, which is crucial for absorbing the horse’s movement and coordinating their own movements. In particular, they had to coordinate their leg, hand, and seat aids effectively. Such coordination influences the quality and precision of the horse’s movements during dressage.
• Other relevant determinants of performance included muscular coordination, joint mobility, and certain personality traits. Joint mobility directly influences the rider’s posture on the horse, while certain personality traits can enhance or reduce the synergy in the horse-rider partnership.

Implication of the Research

• The various themes that emerged from the research will inform the creation of an evidence-based classification system. This system can be used to establish standardized, sport-specific performance metrics for assessing the relationship between impairment and restrictions in an athletes’ participation (activity limitation) in Para Dressage.
• The evidence-based classification system will help to ensure a level playing field in para dressage and comply with the International Paralympic Committee’s mandate for such systems.