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Home / Equine Research Bank / PLoS One / An Overview of Ten Italian Horse Breeds through Mitochondria...
PloS one2016; 11(4); e0153004; doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153004

An Overview of Ten Italian Horse Breeds through Mitochondrial DNA.

Abstract: The climatic and cultural diversity of the Italian Peninsula triggered, over time, the development of a great variety of horse breeds, whose origin and history are still unclear. To clarify this issue, analyses on phenotypic traits and genealogical data were recently coupled with molecular screening. Methods: To provide a comprehensive overview of the horse genetic variability in Italy, we produced and phylogenetically analyzed 407 mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences from ten of the most important Italian riding horse and pony breeds: Bardigiano, Esperia, Giara, Lipizzan, Maremmano, Monterufolino, Murgese, Sarcidano, Sardinian Anglo-Arab, and Tolfetano. A collection of 36 Arabian horses was also evaluated to assess the genetic consequences of their common use for the improvement of some local breeds. Conclusions: In Italian horses, all previously described domestic mtDNA haplogroups were detected as well as a high haplotype diversity. These findings indicate that the ancestral local mares harbored an extensive genetic diversity. Moreover, the limited haplotype sharing (11%) with the Arabian horse reveals that its impact on the autochthonous mitochondrial gene pools during the final establishment of pure breeds was marginal, if any. The only significant signs of genetic structure and differentiation were detected in the geographically most isolated contexts (i.e. Monterufolino and Sardinian breeds). Such a geographic effect was also confirmed in a wider breed setting, where the Italian pool stands in an intermediate position together with most of the other Mediterranean stocks. However, some notable exceptions and peculiar genetic proximities lend genetic support to historical theories about the origin of specific Italian breeds.
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Publication Date: 2016-04-07 PubMed ID: 27054850PubMed Central: PMC4824442DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153004Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

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The article reviews the genetic diversity of ten significant Italian horse and pony breeds using mitochondrial DNA, finding a high level of diversity related to the geographical and cultural diversity of the Italian Peninsula. The effects of Arabian horse breeds on local genetic pools were found to be minimal.

Methods

  • The study focussed on ten main Italian horse and pony breeds: Bardigiano, Esperia, Giara, Lipizzan, Maremmano, Monterufolino, Murgese, Sarcidano, Sardinian Anglo-Arab, and Tolfetano.
  • A control group of 36 Arabian horses was also studied to assess their genetic influence on local breeds.
  • The researchers produced and analysed 407 different mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control-region sequences from these horses.

Findings

  • The study found all previously identified domestic mtDNA haplogroups among the sampled Italian horses, indicating extensive genetic diversity.
  • Only a limited amount (11%) of haplotype sharing was found with the Arabian horse, suggesting their impact on the local mitochondrial gene pools during the establishment of pure breeds was minor.
  • Significant signs of genetic differentiation were only found in geographically isolated breeds, such as the Monterufolino and Sardinian breeds. This geographic effect was confirmed in a broader breed setting, with Italian horses standing in an intermediate position with most other Mediterranean breeds.

Conclusions

  • The genetic diversity found in the Italian horse population indicates that the local ancestral mares harboured extensive genetic diversity.
  • The lack of significant sharing with Arabian horses implies that their influence on the mitochondrial genetic pools of local breeds during the final establishment of pure breeds was marginal.
  • The geographical effects on the genetic structure of Italian breeds support historical theories about the origins of specific Italian breeds, with local isolation and cultural diversity playing significant roles.

Cite This Article

APA
(2016). An Overview of Ten Italian Horse Breeds through Mitochondrial DNA. PLoS One, 11(4), e0153004. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0153004

Publication

PloS one
ISSN: 1932-6203
NlmUniqueID: 101285081
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 4
Pages: e0153004
PII: e0153004

Researcher Affiliations

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Breeding
  • Climate
  • DNA, Mitochondrial / genetics
  • Female
  • Genes, Mitochondrial
  • Horses / genetics
  • Italy
  • Male

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

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