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Home / Equine Research Bank / Magn Reson Med / Analysis of magnetization transfer (MT) influence on quantit...
Magnetic resonance in medicine2019; 82(1); 145-158; doi: 10.1002/mrm.27704

Analysis of magnetization transfer (MT) influence on quantitative mapping of T2 relaxation time.

Abstract: Multi-echo spin-echo (MESE) protocol is the most effective tool for mapping T relaxation in vivo. Still, MESE extensive use of radiofrequency pulses causes magnetization transfer (MT)-related bias of the water signal, instigated by the presence of macromolecules (MMP). Here, we analyze the effects of MT on MESE signal, alongside their impact on quantitative T measurements. Study used 3 models: in vitro urea phantom, ex vivo horse brain, and in vivo human brain. MT ratio (MTR) was measured between single-SE and MESE protocols under different scan settings including varying echo train lengths, number of slices, and inter-slice gap. MTR and T values were extracted for each model and protocol. MT interactions biased MESE signals, and in certain settings, the corresponding T values. T underestimation of up to 4.3% was found versus single-SE values in vitro and up to 13.8% ex vivo, correlating with the MMP content. T bias originated from intra-slice saturation of the MMP, rather than from indirect saturation in multi-slice acquisitions. MT-related signal attenuation was caused by slice crosstalk and/or partial T recovery, whereas smaller contribution was caused by MMP interactions. Inter-slice gap had a similar effect on in vivo MTR (21.2%), in comparison to increasing the number of slices (18.9%). MT influences MESE protocols either by uniformly attenuating the entire echo train or by cumulatively attenuating the signal along the train. Although both processes depend on scan settings and MMP content, only the latter will cause underestimation of T .
© 2019 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
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Publication Date: 2019-03-12 PubMed ID: 30860287PubMed Central: PMC7053148DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27704Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research paper is about evaluating the effects of magnetization transfer (MT) on the validity of the multi-echo spin-echo (MESE) protocol used for mapping relaxation times in vivo, using models in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo. The researchers found that the extensive use of radiofrequency pulses in MESE causes a bias in water signal measurements, which leads to an underestimation of relaxation times due to macromolecule interactions.

Introduction and Methodology

  • The researchers aimed to determine the impact of magnetization transfer (MT) on the multi-echo spin-echo (MESE) protocol.
  • The MESE protocol is popular in mapping relaxation times, although its extensive use of radiofrequency pulses introduces certain biases.
  • The presence of macromolecules (MMP) limits the accuracy of the water signal measurement.
  • The experiment involved three models:
    • An in vitro model using a urea phantom.
    • An ex vivo model using a horse’s brain.
    • An in vivo model using a human brain.
  • Different scan settings were used, including varying the echo train lengths, number of slices, and the gap between slices.

Results

  • The interactions between MT and MESE signals under certain settings biased the relaxation times.
  • There were underestimations of relaxation times upto 4.3% for the in vitro model and upto 13.8% for the ex vivo model, which correlated with the MMP content.
  • The biasing effect was determined to have originated from the saturation of the MMP within a slice, rather than indirect saturation in multi-slice acquisitions.
  • MT-related signal attenuation was attributed to slice crosstalk and/or partial relaxation time recovery, with MMP interactions making a smaller contribution.
  • The gap between slices was found to have a similar effect on relaxation times as increasing the number of slices – up to 21.2% and 18.9% respectively in the in vivo model

Conclusion

  • The MT influenced the MESE protocols either by uniformly attenuating the entire echo train or by cumulatively attenuating the signal along the train.
  • Both processes depend on scan settings and MMP content, but the cumulative attenuation would cause an underestimation of relaxation times.

Cite This Article

APA
Radunsky D, Blumenfeld-Katzir T, Volovyk O, Tal A, Barazany D, Tsarfaty G, Ben-Eliezer N. (2019). Analysis of magnetization transfer (MT) influence on quantitative mapping of T2 relaxation time. Magn Reson Med, 82(1), 145-158. https://doi.org/10.1002/mrm.27704

Publication

Magnetic resonance in medicine
ISSN: 1522-2594
NlmUniqueID: 8505245
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 82
Issue: 1
Pages: 145-158

Researcher Affiliations

Radunsky, Dvir
  • Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Blumenfeld-Katzir, Tamar
  • Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Volovyk, Osnat
  • Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel.
Tal, Assaf
  • Department of Chemical Physics, The Weizmann Institute, Rehovot, Israel.
Barazany, Daniel
  • Strauss computational neuroimaging center, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
Tsarfaty, Galia
  • Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Sheba Medical Center, Ramat Gan, Israel.
Ben-Eliezer, Noam
  • Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
  • Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
  • Center for Advanced Imaging Innovation and Research (CAI2R), NewYork University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.

MeSH Terms

  • Adult
  • Algorithms
  • Animals
  • Brain / diagnostic imaging
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Image Processing, Computer-Assisted / methods
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
  • Male
  • Phantoms, Imaging

Grant Funding

  • P41 EB017183 / NIBIB NIH HHS

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