Analysis of strain and stress in the equine hoof capsule using finite element methods: comparison with principal strains recorded in vivo.

This research paper explores and critiques the effectiveness of Finite-element (FE) methods in determining mechanical stresses and strains within horse hooves. The study compares FE models of hooves with actual in vivo data, concluding that these models should be utilized with experimental data due to potential discrepancies.

Overview of Study

• The research involved developing nine Finite-Element models, each corresponding to varying hoof shapes for which in vivo or living principal strain data was available.
• Components of each model included the wall, the laminar junction, the sole, and the distal phalanx (known as PIII).
• These models were used to simulate and analyze the strain and stress within the hoof capsule under specific loading conditions.

Simulated Loading Conditions

• In the first loading condition (LC1), force was distributed evenly to the surface of the wall, allowing the researchers to determine the reaction forces and moment on PIII.
• The reaction forces from LC1 were then applied to PIII under a second loading condition (LC2) to simulate loading via the horse’s skeletal anatomy.
• In both conditions, the resultant force was equivalent to the vertical force on the hoof when the horse was at midstance, or mid-step.

Results and Critiques of FE Method

• The study found that the computed FE strains ranged from 16% to 221% of comparable in vivo values, with an average of 104%.
• All models in this study, and those reported by others, showed a prevalent concentration of stress and strain at the toe of the hoof—more so than observed in real-life horses.
• This notable discrepancy led to the conclusion that Finite-Element modeling of strain in the equine hoof capsule or deeper tissues should be conducted concurrently with corroborating experimental data.