FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 9000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Home / Equine Research Bank / Sci Rep / Anatomical heterogeneity of tendon: Fascicular and interfasc...
Scientific reports2016; 6; 20455; doi: 10.1038/srep20455

Anatomical heterogeneity of tendon: Fascicular and interfascicular tendon compartments have distinct proteomic composition.

Abstract: Tendon is a simple aligned fibre composite, consisting of collagen-rich fascicles surrounded by a softer interfascicular matrix (IFM). The composition and interactions between these material phases are fundamental in ensuring tissue mechanics meet functional requirements. However the IFM is poorly defined, therefore tendon structure-function relationships are incompletely understood. We hypothesised that the IFM has a more complex proteome, with faster turnover than the fascicular matrix (FM). Using laser-capture microdissection and mass spectrometry, we demonstrate that the IFM contains more proteins, and that many proteins show differential abundance between matrix phases. The IFM contained more protein fragments (neopeptides), indicating greater matrix degradation in this compartment, which may act to maintain healthy tendon structure. Protein abundance did not alter with ageing, but neopeptide numbers decreased in the aged IFM, indicating decreased turnover which may contribute to age-related tendon injury. These data provide important insights into how differences in tendon composition and turnover contribute to tendon structure-function relationships and the effects of ageing.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2016-02-04 PubMed ID: 26842662PubMed Central: PMC4740843DOI: 10.1038/srep20455Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the differences in protein composition in different compartments of a tendon, specifically the fascicular and interfascicular areas and how these variances affect tendon functionality and ageing.

Understanding Tendon Composition

The body of the research focused on understanding the intricate composition of the tendon, specifically between fascicular and interfascicular areas. The tendon is primarily composed of collagen-rich fascicles, which are surrounded by a less dense interfascicular matrix (IFM). Understanding the interaction between these components and their composition is crucial to understanding the functional requirements of the tendon due to its unique structure and function relationship.

  • The researchers hypothesized that the interfascicular matrix has a more intricate proteome and has a faster turnover rate than the fascicular matrix.

Methodology and Findings

The methodology of this research involved laser-capture microdissection and mass spectrometry, both of which are cutting-edge techniques for analyzing proteomic composition and distribution.

  • Through this methodology, the researchers found that the IFM contained a greater number of proteins compared to the fascicular matrix.
  • Additionally, there were notable differences in the abundance of proteins within these matrix phases, giving credibility to their hypothesis that the IFM has a more detailed proteome.
  • The IFM also contained more protein fragments, known as neopeptides, indicating a higher rate of matrix degradation in this area, potentially to maintain tendon health and structure.

Ageing and Protein Abundance

The impact of ageing on the abundance of proteins within the tendon was also examined in the study.

  • The abundance of proteins did not show any change with ageing.
  • However, the number of neopeptides or protein fragments reduced in the older IFM, indicating a decreased turnover rate, which may be a contributing factor to age-related tendon injury.

Significance of the Study

The findings from this study provide vital insights into the unique composition of the tendon and how variances in protein turnover rates at different locations contribute towards tendon function and the impact of ageing.

  • This can be influential in further understanding age-related tendon injuries and devising solutions to alleviate such conditions.
  • Additionally, understanding the intricate structure and function relationship of tendon could have wider implications in the fields of biomechanics and physiology.

Cite This Article

APA
Thorpe CT, Peffers MJ, Simpson D, Halliwell E, Screen HR, Clegg PD. (2016). Anatomical heterogeneity of tendon: Fascicular and interfascicular tendon compartments have distinct proteomic composition. Sci Rep, 6, 20455. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20455

Publication

Scientific reports
ISSN: 2045-2322
NlmUniqueID: 101563288
Country: England
Language: English
Volume: 6
Pages: 20455
PII: 20455

Researcher Affiliations

Thorpe, Chavaunne T
  • Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
Peffers, Mandy J
  • Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.
Simpson, Deborah
  • Centre for Proteome Research, Institute of Integrative Biology, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool, L69 7ZB, UK.
Halliwell, Elizabeth
  • Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.
Screen, Hazel R C
  • Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London, E1 4NS, UK.
Clegg, Peter D
  • Department of Musculoskeletal Biology, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Disease, University of Liverpool, Leahurst Campus, Neston, CH64 7TE, UK.

MeSH Terms

  • Aging / metabolism
  • Animals
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Gene Ontology
  • Glycoproteins
  • Horses
  • Laser Capture Microdissection
  • Mass Spectrometry
  • Proteomics / methods
  • Seminal Plasma Proteins
  • Tendons / anatomy & histology
  • Tendons / metabolism

Grant Funding

  • MR/K006312/1 / Medical Research Council
  • BB/K008412/1 / Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council

References

This article includes 51 references
  1. Stephens PR, Nunamaker DM, Butterweck DM. Application of a Hall-effect transducer for measurement of tendon strains in horses.. Am J Vet Res 1989 Jul;50(7):1089-95.
    pubmed: 2774333
  2. Birch HL. Tendon matrix composition and turnover in relation to functional requirements.. Int J Exp Pathol 2007 Aug;88(4):241-8.
    pmc: PMC2517317pubmed: 17696905doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2613.2007.00552.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  3. Dakin SG, Smith RK, Heinegård D, Önnerfjord P, Khabut A, Dudhia J. Proteomic analysis of tendon extracellular matrix reveals disease stage-specific fragmentation and differential cleavage of COMP (cartilage oligomeric matrix protein).. J Biol Chem 2014 Feb 21;289(8):4919-27.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.M113.511972pmc: PMC3931053pubmed: 24398684google scholar: lookup
  4. Peffers MJ, Thorpe CT, Collins JA, Eong R, Wei TK, Screen HR, Clegg PD. Proteomic analysis reveals age-related changes in tendon matrix composition, with age- and injury-specific matrix fragmentation.. J Biol Chem 2014 Sep 12;289(37):25867-78.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.566554pmc: PMC4162187pubmed: 25077967google scholar: lookup
  5. Little D, Thompson JW, Dubois LG, Ruch DS, Moseley MA, Guilak F. Proteomic differences between male and female anterior cruciate ligament and patellar tendon.. PLoS One 2014;9(5):e96526.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096526pmc: PMC4018326pubmed: 24818782google scholar: lookup
  6. Can T, Faas L, Ashford DA, Dowle A, Thomas J, O'Toole P, Blanco G. Proteomic analysis of laser capture microscopy purified myotendinous junction regions from muscle sections.. Proteome Sci 2014;12:25.
    doi: 10.1186/1477-5956-12-25pmc: PMC4113200pubmed: 25071420google scholar: lookup
  7. Korol RM, Finlay HM, Josseau MJ, Lucas AR, Canham PB. Fluorescence spectroscopy and birefringence of molecular changes in maturing rat tail tendon.. J Biomed Opt 2007 Mar-Apr;12(2):024011.
    pubmed: 17477726doi: 10.1117/1.2714055google scholar: lookup
  8. Grant TM, Thompson MS, Urban J, Yu J. Elastic fibres are broadly distributed in tendon and highly localized around tenocytes.. J Anat 2013 Jun;222(6):573-9.
    doi: 10.1111/joa.12048pmc: PMC3666236pubmed: 23587025google scholar: lookup
  9. Kim B, Yoon JH, Zhang J, Eric Mueller PO, Halper J. Glycan profiling of a defect in decorin glycosylation in equine systemic proteoglycan accumulation, a potential model of progeroid form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome.. Arch Biochem Biophys 2010 Sep 15;501(2):221-31.
    pubmed: 20599673doi: 10.1016/j.abb.2010.06.017google scholar: lookup
  10. Ritty TM, Roth R, Heuser JE. Tendon cell array isolation reveals a previously unknown fibrillin-2-containing macromolecular assembly.. Structure 2003 Sep;11(9):1179-88.
    pubmed: 12962636doi: 10.1016/s0969-2126(03)00181-3google scholar: lookup
  11. Sun Y, Berger EJ, Zhao C, Jay GD, An KN, Amadio PC. Expression and mapping of lubricin in canine flexor tendon.. J Orthop Res 2006 Sep;24(9):1861-8.
    pubmed: 16865713doi: 10.1002/jor.20239google scholar: lookup
  12. Södersten F, Hultenby K, Heinegård D, Johnston C, Ekman S. Immunolocalization of collagens (I and III) and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein in the normal and injured equine superficial digital flexor tendon.. Connect Tissue Res 2013;54(1):62-9.
    doi: 10.3109/03008207.2012.734879pmc: PMC3545546pubmed: 23020676google scholar: lookup
  13. Strocchi R, Leonardi L, Guizzardi S, Marchini M, Ruggeri A. Ultrastructural aspects of rat tail tendon sheaths.. J Anat 1985 Jan;140 ( Pt 1)(Pt 1):57-67.
    pmc: PMC1165136pubmed: 4066471
  14. Thorpe CT, Streeter I, Pinchbeck GL, Goodship AE, Clegg PD, Birch HL. Aspartic acid racemization and collagen degradation markers reveal an accumulation of damage in tendon collagen that is enhanced with aging.. J Biol Chem 2010 May 21;285(21):15674-81.
    pmc: PMC2871433pubmed: 20308077doi: 10.1074/jbc.M109.077503google scholar: lookup
  15. Thorpe CT, Chaudhry S, Lei II, Varone A, Riley GP, Birch HL, Clegg PD, Screen HR. Tendon overload results in alterations in cell shape and increased markers of inflammation and matrix degradation.. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2015 Aug;25(4):e381-91.
    doi: 10.1111/sms.12333pubmed: 25639911google scholar: lookup
  16. Thorpe CT, Udeze CP, Birch HL, Clegg PD, Screen HR. Capacity for sliding between tendon fascicles decreases with ageing in injury prone equine tendons: a possible mechanism for age-related tendinopathy?. Eur Cell Mater 2013 Jan 8;25:48-60.
    pubmed: 23300032doi: 10.22203/ecm.v025a04google scholar: lookup
  17. Thorpe CT, Godinho MSC, Riley GP, Birch HL, Clegg PD, Screen HRC. The interfascicular matrix enables fascicle sliding and recovery in tendon, and behaves more elastically in energy storing tendons.. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015 Dec;52:85-94.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.04.009pmc: PMC4655227pubmed: 25958330google scholar: lookup
  18. Clayton RA, Court-Brown CM. The epidemiology of musculoskeletal tendinous and ligamentous injuries.. Injury 2008 Dec;39(12):1338-44.
    pubmed: 19036362doi: 10.1016/j.injury.2008.06.021google scholar: lookup
  19. Ely ER, Avella CS, Price JS, Smith RK, Wood JL, Verheyen KL. Descriptive epidemiology of fracture, tendon and suspensory ligament injuries in National Hunt racehorses in training.. Equine Vet J 2009 Apr;41(4):372-8.
    pubmed: 19562899doi: 10.2746/042516409x371224google scholar: lookup
  20. Kasashima Y, Takahashi T, Smith RK, Goodship AE, Kuwano A, Ueno T, Hirano S. Prevalence of superficial digital flexor tendonitis and suspensory desmitis in Japanese Thoroughbred flat racehorses in 1999.. Equine Vet J 2004 May;36(4):346-50.
    pubmed: 15163043doi: 10.2746/0425164044890580google scholar: lookup
  21. Innes JF, Clegg P. Comparative rheumatology: what can be learnt from naturally occurring musculoskeletal disorders in domestic animals?. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2010 Jun;49(6):1030-9.
    doi: 10.1093/rheumatology/kep465pubmed: 20176567google scholar: lookup
  22. Lui PP, Maffulli N, Rolf C, Smith RK. What are the validated animal models for tendinopathy?. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2011 Feb;21(1):3-17.
    pubmed: 20673247doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0838.2010.01164.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  23. Lichtwark GA, Wilson AM. In vivo mechanical properties of the human Achilles tendon during one-legged hopping.. J Exp Biol 2005 Dec;208(Pt 24):4715-25.
    doi: 10.1242/jeb.01950pubmed: 16326953google scholar: lookup
  24. Biewener AA. Muscle-tendon stresses and elastic energy storage during locomotion in the horse.. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 1998 May;120(1):73-87.
    pubmed: 9787779doi: 10.1016/s0305-0491(98)00024-8google scholar: lookup
  25. Roughley PJ, White RJ, Cs-Szabó G, Mort JS. Changes with age in the structure of fibromodulin in human articular cartilage.. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 1996 Sep;4(3):153-61.
    doi: 10.1016/S1063-4584(96)80011-2pubmed: 8895216google scholar: lookup
  26. Smith RK, Zunino L, Webbon PM, Heinegård D. The distribution of cartilage oligomeric matrix protein (COMP) in tendon and its variation with tendon site, age and load.. Matrix Biol 1997 Nov;16(5):255-71.
    pubmed: 9501326doi: 10.1016/s0945-053x(97)90014-7google scholar: lookup
  27. Dwivedi RC, Krokhin OV, Cortens JP, Wilkins JA. Assessment of the reproducibility of random hexapeptide peptide library-based protein normalization.. J Proteome Res 2010 Feb 5;9(2):1144-9.
    doi: 10.1021/pr900608zpubmed: 20020779google scholar: lookup
  28. Halász K, Kassner A, Mörgelin M, Heinegård D. COMP acts as a catalyst in collagen fibrillogenesis.. J Biol Chem 2007 Oct 26;282(43):31166-73.
    pubmed: 17716974doi: 10.1074/jbc.M705735200google scholar: lookup
  29. Kalamajski S, Liu C, Tillgren V, Rubin K, Oldberg Å, Rai J, Weis M, Eyre DR. Increased C-telopeptide cross-linking of tendon type I collagen in fibromodulin-deficient mice.. J Biol Chem 2014 Jul 4;289(27):18873-9.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.M114.572941pmc: PMC4081928pubmed: 24849606google scholar: lookup
  30. Svensson L, Aszódi A, Reinholt FP, Fässler R, Heinegård D, Oldberg A. Fibromodulin-null mice have abnormal collagen fibrils, tissue organization, and altered lumican deposition in tendon.. J Biol Chem 1999 Apr 2;274(14):9636-47.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.274.14.9636pubmed: 10092650google scholar: lookup
  31. Halper J, Kjaer M. Basic components of connective tissues and extracellular matrix: elastin, fibrillin, fibulins, fibrinogen, fibronectin, laminin, tenascins and thrombospondins.. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014;802:31-47.
    pubmed: 24443019doi: 10.1007/978-94-007-7893-1_3google scholar: lookup
  32. Kadler KE, Hill A, Canty-Laird EG. Collagen fibrillogenesis: fibronectin, integrins, and minor collagens as organizers and nucleators.. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2008 Oct;20(5):495-501.
    doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2008.06.008pmc: PMC2577133pubmed: 18640274google scholar: lookup
  33. Birch HL, Bailey AJ, Goodship AE. Macroscopic 'degeneration' of equine superficial digital flexor tendon is accompanied by a change in extracellular matrix composition.. Equine Vet J 1998 Nov;30(6):534-9.
    pubmed: 9844973doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1998.tb04530.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  34. Liu X, Wu H, Byrne M, Krane S, Jaenisch R. Type III collagen is crucial for collagen I fibrillogenesis and for normal cardiovascular development.. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1997 Mar 4;94(5):1852-6.
    pmc: PMC20006pubmed: 9050868doi: 10.1073/pnas.94.5.1852google scholar: lookup
  35. Melrose J, Smith MM, Smith SM, Ravi V, Young AA, Dart AJ, Sonnabend DH, Little CB. Altered stress induced by partial transection of the infraspinatus tendon leads to perlecan (HSPG2) accumulation in an ovine model of tendinopathy.. Tissue Cell 2013 Feb;45(1):77-82.
    doi: 10.1016/j.tice.2012.10.001pubmed: 23245384google scholar: lookup
  36. Taylor SH, Al-Youha S, Van Agtmael T, Lu Y, Wong J, McGrouther DA, Kadler KE. Tendon is covered by a basement membrane epithelium that is required for cell retention and the prevention of adhesion formation.. PLoS One 2011 Jan 26;6(1):e16337.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016337pmc: PMC3027644pubmed: 21298098google scholar: lookup
  37. Whitelock JM, Melrose J, Iozzo RV. Diverse cell signaling events modulated by perlecan.. Biochemistry 2008 Oct 28;47(43):11174-83.
    doi: 10.1021/bi8013938pmc: PMC2605657pubmed: 18826258google scholar: lookup
  38. Hall PE, Lathia JD, Caldwell MA, Ffrench-Constant C. Laminin enhances the growth of human neural stem cells in defined culture media.. BMC Neurosci 2008 Jul 23;9:71.
    doi: 10.1186/1471-2202-9-71pmc: PMC2496909pubmed: 18651950google scholar: lookup
  39. Peffers MJ, Fang Y, Cheung K, Wei TK, Clegg PD, Birch HL. Transcriptome analysis of ageing in uninjured human Achilles tendon.. Arthritis Res Ther 2015 Feb 18;17(1):33.
    doi: 10.1186/s13075-015-0544-2pmc: PMC4355574pubmed: 25888722google scholar: lookup
  40. Poulet B, Ulici V, Stone TC, Pead M, Gburcik V, Constantinou E, Palmer DB, Beier F, Timmons JA, Pitsillides AA. Time-series transcriptional profiling yields new perspectives on susceptibility to murine osteoarthritis.. Arthritis Rheum 2012 Oct;64(10):3256-66.
    doi: 10.1002/art.34572pubmed: 22833266google scholar: lookup
  41. Sun YL, Wei Z, Zhao C, Jay GD, Schmid TM, Amadio PC, An KN. Lubricin in human achilles tendon: The evidence of intratendinous sliding motion and shear force in achilles tendon.. J Orthop Res 2015 Jun;33(6):932-7.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.22897pubmed: 25864860google scholar: lookup
  42. Heinz A, Ruttkies CK, Jahreis G, Schräder CU, Wichapong K, Sippl W, Keeley FW, Neubert RH, Schmelzer CE. In vitro cross-linking of elastin peptides and molecular characterization of the resultant biomaterials.. Biochim Biophys Acta 2013 Apr;1830(4):2994-3004.
    doi: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2013.01.014pubmed: 23375722google scholar: lookup
  43. Heinz A, Schräder CU, Baud S, Keeley FW, Mithieux SM, Weiss AS, Neubert RH, Schmelzer CE. Molecular-level characterization of elastin-like constructs and human aortic elastin.. Matrix Biol 2014 Sep;38:12-21.
    doi: 10.1016/j.matbio.2014.07.006pubmed: 25068896google scholar: lookup
  44. Heinemeier KM, Schjerling P, Heinemeier J, Magnusson SP, Kjaer M. Lack of tissue renewal in human adult Achilles tendon is revealed by nuclear bomb (14)C.. FASEB J 2013 May;27(5):2074-9.
    doi: 10.1096/fj.12-225599pmc: PMC3633810pubmed: 23401563google scholar: lookup
  45. Ireland JL, Clegg PD, McGowan CM, Platt L, Pinchbeck GL. Factors associated with mortality of geriatric horses in the United Kingdom.. Prev Vet Med 2011 Sep 1;101(3-4):204-18.
    doi: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2011.06.002pubmed: 21733586google scholar: lookup
  46. Peffers MJ, Beynon RJ, Clegg PD. Absolute quantification of selected proteins in the human osteoarthritic secretome.. Int J Mol Sci 2013 Oct 15;14(10):20658-81.
    pmc: PMC3821636pubmed: 24132152doi: 10.3390/ijms141020658google scholar: lookup
  47. Vizcaíno JA, Côté RG, Csordas A, Dianes JA, Fabregat A, Foster JM, Griss J, Alpi E, Birim M, Contell J, O'Kelly G, Schoenegger A, Ovelleiro D, Pérez-Riverol Y, Reisinger F, Ríos D, Wang R, Hermjakob H. The PRoteomics IDEntifications (PRIDE) database and associated tools: status in 2013.. Nucleic Acids Res 2013 Jan;41(Database issue):D1063-9.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gks1262pmc: PMC3531176pubmed: 23203882google scholar: lookup
  48. Franceschini A, Szklarczyk D, Frankild S, Kuhn M, Simonovic M, Roth A, Lin J, Minguez P, Bork P, von Mering C, Jensen LJ. STRING v9.1: protein-protein interaction networks, with increased coverage and integration.. Nucleic Acids Res 2013 Jan;41(Database issue):D808-15.
    doi: 10.1093/nar/gks1094pmc: PMC3531103pubmed: 23203871google scholar: lookup
  49. Hynes RO, Naba A. Overview of the matrisome--an inventory of extracellular matrix constituents and functions.. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2012 Jan 1;4(1):a004903.
    doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a004903pmc: PMC3249625pubmed: 21937732google scholar: lookup
  50. Mi H, Muruganujan A, Casagrande JT, Thomas PD. Large-scale gene function analysis with the PANTHER classification system.. Nat Protoc 2013 Aug;8(8):1551-66.
    doi: 10.1038/nprot.2013.092pmc: PMC6519453pubmed: 23868073google scholar: lookup
  51. Rees SG, Flannery CR, Little CB, Hughes CE, Caterson B, Dent CM. Catabolism of aggrecan, decorin and biglycan in tendon.. Biochem J 2000 Aug 15;350 Pt 1(Pt 1):181-8.
    pmc: PMC1221240pubmed: 10926842

Citations

This article has been cited 50 times.
  1. Shojaee A. Equine tendon mechanical behaviour: Prospects for repair and regeneration applications.. Vet Med Sci 2023 Sep;9(5):2053-2069.
    doi: 10.1002/vms3.1205pubmed: 37471573google scholar: lookup
  2. Aggouras AN, Connizzo BK. Earlier proteoglycan turnover promotes higher efficiency matrix remodeling in MRL/MpJ tendons.. J Orthop Res 2023 Oct;41(10):2261-2272.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.25542pubmed: 36866831google scholar: lookup
  3. Marr N, Zamboulis DE, Werling D, Felder AA, Dudhia J, Pitsillides AA, Thorpe CT. The tendon interfascicular basement membrane provides a vascular niche for CD146+ cell subpopulations.. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022;10:1094124.
    doi: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1094124pubmed: 36699014google scholar: lookup
  4. Zhang M, Wang Z, Zhang A, Liu L, Mithieux SM, Bilek MMM, Weiss AS. Development of tropoelastin-functionalized anisotropic PCL scaffolds for musculoskeletal tissue engineering.. Regen Biomater 2023;10:rbac087.
    doi: 10.1093/rb/rbac087pubmed: 36683733google scholar: lookup
  5. Wijesinghe SN, Anderson J, Brown TJ, Nanus DE, Housmans B, Green JA, Hackl M, Choi KK, Arkill KP, Welting T, James V, Jones SW, Peffers MJ. The role of extracellular vesicle miRNAs and tRNAs in synovial fibroblast senescence.. Front Mol Biosci 2022;9:971621.
    doi: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.971621pubmed: 36213127google scholar: lookup
  6. Mohindra R, Mohindra R, Agrawal DK, Thankam FG. Bioactive extracellular matrix fragments in tendon repair.. Cell Tissue Res 2022 Nov;390(2):131-140.
    doi: 10.1007/s00441-022-03684-zpubmed: 36074173google scholar: lookup
  7. Schulze-Tanzil GG, Delgado-Calcares M, Stange R, Wildemann B, Docheva D. Tendon healing: a concise review on cellular and molecular mechanisms with a particular focus on the Achilles tendon.. Bone Joint Res 2022 Aug;11(8):561-574.
    doi: 10.1302/2046-3758.118.BJR-2021-0576.R1pubmed: 35920195google scholar: lookup
  8. Rao Y, Zhu C, Suen HC, Huang S, Liao J, Ker DFE, Tuan RS, Wang D. Tenogenic induction of human adipose-derived stem cells by soluble tendon extracellular matrix: composition and transcriptomic analyses.. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022 Jul 29;13(1):380.
    doi: 10.1186/s13287-022-03038-0pubmed: 35906661google scholar: lookup
  9. Agergaard J, Kjær M. How Do We Explore Heterogeneity in Turnover of Musculoskeletal Proteins?. Function (Oxf) 2021;2(4):zqab034.
    doi: 10.1093/function/zqab034pubmed: 35330620google scholar: lookup
  10. Siadat SM, Zamboulis DE, Thorpe CT, Ruberti JW, Connizzo BK. Tendon Extracellular Matrix Assembly, Maintenance and Dysregulation Throughout Life.. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021;1348:45-103.
    doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-80614-9_3pubmed: 34807415google scholar: lookup
  11. Eisner LE, Rosario R, Andarawis-Puri N, Arruda EM. The Role of the Non-Collagenous Extracellular Matrix in Tendon and Ligament Mechanical Behavior: A Review.. J Biomech Eng 2022 May 1;144(5).
    doi: 10.1115/1.4053086pubmed: 34802057google scholar: lookup
  12. Sarmiento P, Little D. Tendon and multiomics: advantages, advances, and opportunities.. NPJ Regen Med 2021 Oct 1;6(1):61.
    doi: 10.1038/s41536-021-00168-6pubmed: 34599188google scholar: lookup
  13. Marr N, Meeson R, Kelly EF, Fang Y, Peffers MJ, Pitsillides AA, Dudhia J, Thorpe CT. CD146 Delineates an Interfascicular Cell Sub-Population in Tendon That Is Recruited during Injury through Its Ligand Laminin-α4.. Int J Mol Sci 2021 Sep 8;22(18).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms22189729pubmed: 34575887google scholar: lookup
  14. Zhang S, Ju W, Chen X, Zhao Y, Feng L, Yin Z, Chen X. Hierarchical ultrastructure: An overview of what is known about tendons and future perspective for tendon engineering.. Bioact Mater 2022 Feb;8:124-139.
    doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.06.007pubmed: 34541391google scholar: lookup
  15. Patel D, Zamboulis DE, Spiesz EM, Birch HL, Clegg PD, Thorpe CT, Screen HRC. Structure-function specialisation of the interfascicular matrix in the human achilles tendon.. Acta Biomater 2021 Sep 1;131:381-390.
    doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.07.019pubmed: 34271169google scholar: lookup
  16. Godinho MS, Thorpe CT, Greenwald SE, Screen HRC. Elastase treatment of tendon specifically impacts the mechanical properties of the interfascicular matrix.. Acta Biomater 2021 Mar 15;123:187-196.
    doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.01.030pubmed: 33508509google scholar: lookup
  17. Zhang J, Li F, Williamson KM, Tan S, Scott D, Onishi K, Hogan MV, Wang JH. Characterization of the structure, vascularity, and stem/progenitor cell populations in porcine Achilles tendon (PAT).. Cell Tissue Res 2021 May;384(2):367-387.
    doi: 10.1007/s00441-020-03379-3pubmed: 33496880google scholar: lookup
  18. Handsfield GG, Greiner J, Madl J, Rog-Zielinska EA, Hollville E, Vanwanseele B, Shim V. Achilles Subtendon Structure and Behavior as Evidenced From Tendon Imaging and Computational Modeling.. Front Sports Act Living 2020;2:70.
    doi: 10.3389/fspor.2020.00070pubmed: 33345061google scholar: lookup
  19. Zamboulis DE, Thorpe CT, Ashraf Kharaz Y, Birch HL, Screen HR, Clegg PD. Postnatal mechanical loading drives adaptation of tissues primarily through modulation of the non-collagenous matrix.. Elife 2020 Oct 16;9.
    doi: 10.7554/eLife.58075pubmed: 33063662google scholar: lookup
  20. Narayanan N, Calve S. Extracellular matrix at the muscle - tendon interface: functional roles, techniques to explore and implications for regenerative medicine.. Connect Tissue Res 2021 Jan;62(1):53-71.
    doi: 10.1080/03008207.2020.1814263pubmed: 32856502google scholar: lookup
  21. Jacobson KR, Lipp S, Acuna A, Leng Y, Bu Y, Calve S. Comparative Analysis of the Extracellular Matrix Proteome across the Myotendinous Junction.. J Proteome Res 2020 Oct 2;19(10):3955-3967.
    doi: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00248pubmed: 32830507google scholar: lookup
  22. Riasat K, Bardell D, Goljanek-Whysall K, Clegg PD, Peffers MJ. Epigenetic mechanisms in Tendon Ageing.. Br Med Bull 2020 Oct 14;135(1):90-107.
    doi: 10.1093/bmb/ldaa023pubmed: 32827252google scholar: lookup
  23. Gains CC, Correia JC, Baan GC, Noort W, Screen HRC, Maas H. Force Transmission Between the Gastrocnemius and Soleus Sub-Tendons of the Achilles Tendon in Rat.. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020;8:700.
    doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00700pubmed: 32766214google scholar: lookup
  24. Contessi Negrini N, Toffoletto N, Farè S, Altomare L. Plant Tissues as 3D Natural Scaffolds for Adipose, Bone and Tendon Tissue Regeneration.. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020;8:723.
    doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00723pubmed: 32714912google scholar: lookup
  25. Marr N, Hopkinson M, Hibbert AP, Pitsillides AA, Thorpe CT. Bimodal Whole-Mount Imaging of Tendon Using Confocal Microscopy and X-ray Micro-Computed Tomography.. Biol Proced Online 2020;22:13.
    doi: 10.1186/s12575-020-00126-4pubmed: 32624710google scholar: lookup
  26. Choi H, Simpson D, Wang D, Prescott M, Pitsillides AA, Dudhia J, Clegg PD, Ping P, Thorpe CT. Heterogeneity of proteome dynamics between connective tissue phases of adult tendon.. Elife 2020 May 12;9.
    doi: 10.7554/eLife.55262pubmed: 32393437google scholar: lookup
  27. Yin NH, Parker AW, Matousek P, Birch HL. Detection of Age-Related Changes in Tendon Molecular Composition by Raman Spectroscopy-Potential for Rapid, Non-Invasive Assessment of Susceptibility to Injury.. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Mar 20;21(6).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms21062150pubmed: 32245089google scholar: lookup
  28. Couppé C, Svensson RB, Josefsen CO, Kjeldgaard E, Magnusson SP. Ultrasound speckle tracking of Achilles tendon in individuals with unilateral tendinopathy: a pilot study.. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020 Mar;120(3):579-589.
    doi: 10.1007/s00421-020-04317-5pubmed: 32060739google scholar: lookup
  29. Steinmann S, Pfeifer CG, Brochhausen C, Docheva D. Spectrum of Tendon Pathologies: Triggers, Trails and End-State.. Int J Mol Sci 2020 Jan 28;21(3).
    doi: 10.3390/ijms21030844pubmed: 32013018google scholar: lookup
  30. Taye N, Karoulias SZ, Hubmacher D. The "other" 15-40%: The Role of Non-Collagenous Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Minor Collagens in Tendon.. J Orthop Res 2020 Jan;38(1):23-35.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.24440pubmed: 31410892google scholar: lookup
  31. Zuskov A, Freedman BR, Gordon JA, Sarver JJ, Buckley MR, Soslowsky LJ. Tendon Biomechanics and Crimp Properties Following Fatigue Loading Are Influenced by Tendon Type and Age in Mice.. J Orthop Res 2020 Jan;38(1):36-42.
    doi: 10.1002/jor.24407pubmed: 31286548google scholar: lookup
  32. Steinbusch MMF, Caron MMJ, Surtel DAM, van den Akker GGH, van Dijk PJ, Friedrich F, Zabel B, van Rhijn LW, Peffers MJ, Welting TJM. The antiviral protein viperin regulates chondrogenic differentiation via CXCL10 protein secretion.. J Biol Chem 2019 Mar 29;294(13):5121-5136.
    doi: 10.1074/jbc.RA119.007356pubmed: 30718282google scholar: lookup
  33. Guzzoni V, Selistre-de-Araújo HS, Marqueti RC. Tendon Remodeling in Response to Resistance Training, Anabolic Androgenic Steroids and Aging.. Cells 2018 Dec 7;7(12).
    doi: 10.3390/cells7120251pubmed: 30544536google scholar: lookup
  34. Lee HD, Shin JG, Hyun H, Yu BA, Eom TJ. Label-free photoacoustic microscopy for in-vivo tendon imaging using a fiber-based pulse laser.. Sci Rep 2018 Mar 19;8(1):4805.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-23113-ypubmed: 29556037google scholar: lookup
  35. Kharaz YA, Canty-Laird EG, Tew SR, Comerford EJ. Variations in internal structure, composition and protein distribution between intra- and extra-articular knee ligaments and tendons.. J Anat 2018 Jun;232(6):943-955.
    doi: 10.1111/joa.12802pubmed: 29498035google scholar: lookup
  36. Spiesz EM, Thorpe CT, Thurner PJ, Screen HRC. Structure and collagen crimp patterns of functionally distinct equine tendons, revealed by quantitative polarised light microscopy (qPLM).. Acta Biomater 2018 Apr 1;70:281-292.
    doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.034pubmed: 29409868google scholar: lookup
  37. Turlo AJ, Ashraf Kharaz Y, Clegg PD, Anderson J, Peffers MJ. Donor age affects proteome composition of tenocyte-derived engineered tendon.. BMC Biotechnol 2018 Jan 16;18(1):2.
    doi: 10.1186/s12896-018-0414-5pubmed: 29338716google scholar: lookup
  38. Godinho MSC, Thorpe CT, Greenwald SE, Screen HRC. Elastin is Localised to the Interfascicular Matrix of Energy Storing Tendons and Becomes Increasingly Disorganised With Ageing.. Sci Rep 2017 Aug 30;7(1):9713.
    doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09995-4pubmed: 28855560google scholar: lookup
  39. Pardes AM, Beach ZM, Raja H, Rodriguez AB, Freedman BR, Soslowsky LJ. Aging leads to inferior Achilles tendon mechanics and altered ankle function in rodents.. J Biomech 2017 Jul 26;60:30-38.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.06.008pubmed: 28683928google scholar: lookup
  40. Hulme CH, Wilson EL, Peffers MJ, Roberts S, Simpson DM, Richardson JB, Gallacher P, Wright KT. Autologous chondrocyte implantation-derived synovial fluids display distinct responder and non-responder proteomic profiles.. Arthritis Res Ther 2017 Jun 30;19(1):150.
    doi: 10.1186/s13075-017-1336-7pubmed: 28666451google scholar: lookup
  41. Ashraf Kharaz Y, Zamboulis D, Sanders K, Comerford E, Clegg P, Peffers M. Comparison between chaotropic and detergent-based sample preparation workflow in tendon for mass spectrometry analysis.. Proteomics 2017 Jul;17(13-14).
    doi: 10.1002/pmic.201700018pubmed: 28547889google scholar: lookup
  42. Hakimi O, Ternette N, Murphy R, Kessler BM, Carr A. A quantitative label-free analysis of the extracellular proteome of human supraspinatus tendon reveals damage to the pericellular and elastic fibre niches in torn and aged tissue.. PLoS One 2017;12(5):e0177656.
    doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177656pubmed: 28542244google scholar: lookup
  43. Peffers M, Jones AR, McCabe A, Anderson J. Neopeptide Analyser: A software tool for neopeptide discovery in proteomics data.. Wellcome Open Res 2017 Apr 7;2:24.
    doi: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.11275.1pubmed: 28503667google scholar: lookup
  44. Thorpe CT, Riley GP, Birch HL, Clegg PD, Screen HRC. Fascicles and the interfascicular matrix show decreased fatigue life with ageing in energy storing tendons.. Acta Biomater 2017 Jul 1;56:58-64.
    doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2017.03.024pubmed: 28323176google scholar: lookup
  45. Rossetti L, Kuntz LA, Kunold E, Schock J, Müller KW, Grabmayr H, Stolberg-Stolberg J, Pfeiffer F, Sieber SA, Burgkart R, Bausch AR. The microstructure and micromechanics of the tendon-bone insertion.. Nat Mater 2017 Jun;16(6):664-670.
    doi: 10.1038/nmat4863pubmed: 28250445google scholar: lookup
  46. Connizzo BK, Grodzinsky AJ. Tendon exhibits complex poroelastic behavior at the nanoscale as revealed by high-frequency AFM-based rheology.. J Biomech 2017 Mar 21;54:11-18.
    doi: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2017.01.029pubmed: 28233551google scholar: lookup
  47. Kuemmerle JM, Theiss F, Okoniewski MJ, Weber FA, Hemmi S, Mirsaidi A, Richards PJ, Cinelli P. Identification of Novel Equine (Equus caballus) Tendon Markers Using RNA Sequencing.. Genes (Basel) 2016 Nov 10;7(11).
    doi: 10.3390/genes7110097pubmed: 27834918google scholar: lookup
  48. Boggavarapu NR, Lalitkumar S, Joshua V, Kasvandik S, Salumets A, Lalitkumar PG, Gemzell-Danielsson K. Compartmentalized gene expression profiling of receptive endometrium reveals progesterone regulated ENPP3 is differentially expressed and secreted in glycosylated form.. Sci Rep 2016 Sep 26;6:33811.
    doi: 10.1038/srep33811pubmed: 27665743google scholar: lookup
  49. Thorpe CT, Riley GP, Birch HL, Clegg PD, Screen HRC. Fascicles and the interfascicular matrix show adaptation for fatigue resistance in energy storing tendons.. Acta Biomater 2016 Sep 15;42:308-315.
    doi: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.06.012pubmed: 27286677google scholar: lookup
  50. Thorpe CT, Karunaseelan KJ, Ng Chieng Hin J, Riley GP, Birch HL, Clegg PD, Screen HR. Distribution of proteins within different compartments of tendon varies according to tendon type.. J Anat 2016 Sep;229(3):450-8.
    doi: 10.1111/joa.12485pubmed: 27113131google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,357 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.