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Science (New York, N.Y.)2018; 360(6384); 111-114; doi: 10.1126/science.aao3297

Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses.

Abstract: The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5500 years ago, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient-horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient- and modern-horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4000 years ago to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age.
Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.
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Publication Date: 2018-02-22 PubMed ID: 29472442DOI: 10.1126/science.aao3297Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research explores the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses by analyzing 42 ancient horse genomes, including 20 from the Botai culture in the Central Asian steppes. Findings indicate that Przewalski’s horses are the offspring of horses managed in Botai, contrary to the belief that they are truly wild horses. The study also reveals that current domestic horses have only approximately 2.7% of Botai-related ancestry, suggesting a significant genomic turnover during the horse’s domestication, coinciding with massive human population expansions in the Early Bronze Age.

Ancestry of Przewalski’s horses

  • The research contradicts the long-standing belief that Przewalski’s horses are genuinely wild horses. By analyzing 42 ancient horse genomes, including 20 from the Botai culture, the research suggests these horses are the feral descendants of the horses herded at the ancient Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes approximately 5500 years ago.

Domestic horses and Botai-related ancestry

  • The research examined the ancestry links between the domestic horses that lived around 4000 years ago and the horses from Botai culture. It was found that the present domestic horses only show around 2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This suggests that most of the genetic makeup of present-day domestic horses does not source from the Botai horse stock.

Genomic turnover and the expansion of horse stock

  • The study indicated a significant genomic turnover underpinning the expansion of the horse stock leading to modern domesticates. This finding signifies a vast genetic shift in horses that occurred during their domestication over time. It happened concurrently with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age.

Cite This Article

APA
Gaunitz C, Fages A, Hanghøj K, Albrechtsen A, Khan N, Schubert M, Seguin-Orlando A, Owens IJ, Felkel S, Bignon-Lau O, de Barros Damgaard P, Mittnik A, Mohaseb AF, Davoudi H, Alquraishi S, Alfarhan AH, Al-Rasheid KAS, Crubézy E, Benecke N, Olsen S, Brown D, Anthony D, Massy K, Pitulko V, Kasparov A, Brem G, Hofreiter M, Mukhtarova G, Baimukhanov N, Lõugas L, Onar V, Stockhammer PW, Krause J, Boldgiv B, Undrakhbold S, Erdenebaatar D, Lepetz S, Mashkour M, Ludwig A, Wallner B, Merz V, Merz I, Zaibert V, Willerslev E, Librado P, Outram AK, Orlando L. (2018). Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski’s horses. Science, 360(6384), 111-114. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aao3297

Publication

Science (New York, N.Y.)
ISSN: 1095-9203
NlmUniqueID: 0404511
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 360
Issue: 6384
Pages: 111-114

Researcher Affiliations

Gaunitz, Charleen
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
Fages, Antoine
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, France.
Hanghøj, Kristian
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, France.
Albrechtsen, Anders
  • Bioinformatics Center, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200N Copenhagen, Denmark.
Khan, Naveed
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Department of Biotechnology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan.
Schubert, Mikkel
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
Seguin-Orlando, Andaine
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, France.
  • National High-Throughput DNA Sequencing Center, 1353K Copenhagen, Denmark.
Owens, Ivy J
  • Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK.
  • The Charles McBurney Laboratory for Geoarchaeology, Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3DZ, UK.
Felkel, Sabine
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Bignon-Lau, Olivier
  • Équipe Ethnologie préhistorique, ArScAn, CNRS, UMR 7041, Maison de l'Archéologie et de l'Ethnologie (MAE) René-Ginouvès, 92023 Nanterre Cédex, France.
de Barros Damgaard, Peter
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
Mittnik, Alissa
  • Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Mohaseb, Azadeh F
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique, Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, 75005 Paris, France.
  • Archaeozoology section, Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Tehran, Tehran CP1417634934, Iran.
Davoudi, Hossein
  • Archaeozoology section, Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Tehran, Tehran CP1417634934, Iran.
  • Osteology Department, National Museum of Iran, Tehran 1136918111, Iran.
  • Department of Archaeology, Faculty of Humanities, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran 14115, Iran.
Alquraishi, Saleh
  • Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Alfarhan, Ahmed H
  • Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Al-Rasheid, Khaled A S
  • Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Crubézy, Eric
  • Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, France.
Benecke, Norbert
  • German Archaeological Institute, Department of Natural Sciences, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Olsen, Sandra
  • Biodiversity Institute-Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA.
Brown, Dorcas
  • Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA.
Anthony, David
  • Anthropology Department, Hartwick College, Oneonta, NY 13820, USA.
Massy, Ken
  • Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80799 München, Germany.
Pitulko, Vladimir
  • Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 191186, Russia.
Kasparov, Aleksei
  • Institute for the History of Material Culture, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg 191186, Russia.
Brem, Gottfried
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Hofreiter, Michael
  • Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Potsdam, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
Mukhtarova, Gulmira
  • Issyk State Historical-Cultural Reserve Museum, 040400 Almaty Region, Enbekshikazak District, Kazakhstan.
Baimukhanov, Nurbol
  • Shejire DNA Project, 050046 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Lõugas, Lembi
  • Archaeological Research Collection, Tallinn University, 10130 Tallinn, Estonia.
Onar, Vedat
  • Osteoarchaeology Practice and Research Center and Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Istanbul University, 34320 Avcılar Istanbul, Turkey.
Stockhammer, Philipp W
  • Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
  • Institute for Pre- and Protohistoric Archaeology and Archaeology of the Roman Provinces, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 80799 München, Germany.
Krause, Johannes
  • Department of Archaeogenetics, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, 07745 Jena, Germany.
Boldgiv, Bazartseren
  • Ecology Group, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia.
Undrakhbold, Sainbileg
  • Ecology Group, Department of Biology, School of Arts and Sciences, National University of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar 14201, Mongolia.
Erdenebaatar, Diimaajav
  • Department of Archaeology, Ulaanbaatar State University, Ulaanbaatar 51, Mongolia.
Lepetz, Sébastien
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique, Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, 75005 Paris, France.
Mashkour, Marjan
  • Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Archéozoologie, Archéobotanique, Sociétés, Pratiques et Environnements, UMR 7209, 75005 Paris, France.
  • Archaeozoology section, Archaeometry Laboratory, University of Tehran, Tehran CP1417634934, Iran.
  • Osteology Department, National Museum of Iran, Tehran 1136918111, Iran.
Ludwig, Arne
  • Department of Evolutionary Genetics, Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, 10315 Berlin, Germany.
Wallner, Barbara
  • Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.
Merz, Victor
  • S.Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Joint Research Center for Archeological Studies, 637000 Pavlodar, Kazakhstan.
Merz, Ilja
  • S.Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Joint Research Center for Archeological Studies, 637000 Pavlodar, Kazakhstan.
Zaibert, Viktor
  • Scientific Research Institute of Archaeology and Steppe Civilizations, Al Farabi Kazakh National University, 050040 Almaty, Kazakhstan.
Willerslev, Eske
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
  • Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK.
  • Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.
Librado, Pablo
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark.
Outram, Alan K
  • Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter EX4 4QE, UK. a.k.outram@exeter.ac.uk ludovic.orlando@univ-tlse3.fr.
Orlando, Ludovic
  • Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, 1350K Copenhagen, Denmark. a.k.outram@exeter.ac.uk ludovic.orlando@univ-tlse3.fr.
  • Laboratoire d'Anthropobiologie Moléculaire et d'Imagerie de Synthèse UMR 5288, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, France.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • DNA, Ancient
  • Genome
  • Horses / anatomy & histology
  • Horses / classification
  • Horses / genetics
  • Phenotype
  • Phylogeny

Grant Funding

  • W 1225 / Austrian Science Fund FWF
  • European Research Council

Citations

This article has been cited 103 times.
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