Animal virus infections that defy vaccination: equine infectious anemia, caprine arthritis-encephalitis, maedi-visna, and feline infectious peritonitis.
Abstract: Lentiviruses are associated with persistent infection and chronic
disease in three major species of livestock—horses, sheep, and goats.
Another lentivirus named bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV) recently has been described (Gonda et al., 1987). It is a Visna-like virus that was originally isolated over a decade ago from cattle with
persistent lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy, weakness, emaciation,
and central nervous system (CNS) lesions (Van der Maaten et al,
1972). There is very little information on the epidemiology, clinical
manifestations, or importance of bovine lentivirus infections, so this
section will concern itself mainly with the better characterized lentiviruses of horses, sheep, and goats. A phylogenetic tree showing the
possible evolutionary relationship of various animal lentiviruses and
human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) of man to each other and to
types C and D retroviruses has been recently constructed (Gonda et al.,
1987) (Fig. 1). Just how far back in history that the various retroviruses diverged from each other has not been determined.
Publication Date: 1989-01-01 PubMed ID: 2539002PubMed Central: PMC7149982DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-039233-9.50017-2Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary
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This research discusses the persistent infections and chronic diseases in livestock such as horses, sheep, and goats, caused by lentiviruses, specialising on equine infectious anemia, caprine arthritis-encephalitis, maedi-visna, and feline infectious peritonitis. The paper also highlights the existence of bovine immunodeficiency virus (BIV), a Visna-like virus, but states the lack of adequate information on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, or importance of bovine lentivirus infections.
Lentiviruses in Livestock
- The research begins by highlighting the significant impact lentiviruses have on livestock, particularly horses, sheep, and goats, which suffer from persistent infections and chronic diseases.
- Lentiviruses belong to a family of viruses known for causing long-lasting infections. Diseases such as equine infectious anemia, caprine arthritis-encephalitis, maedi-visna, and feline infectious peritonitis, all discussed in the research, stem from varying strains of these viruses.
Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV)
- The research introduces the Bovine Immunodeficiency Virus (BIV), a Visna-like virus classified under lentiviruses as well.
- This virus was first identified over a decade ago in cattle exhibiting a range of symptoms such as persistent lymphocytosis, lymphadenopathy, weakness, emaciation, and central nervous system (CNS) lesions.
- However, the research points that there isn’t enough information on the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, or importance of bovine lentivirus infections.
Phylogenetic Relationship
- The paper mentions a phylogenetic tree that was constructed to depict the possible evolutionary relationship of various animal lentiviruses, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and types C and D retroviruses.
- Articulating the exact divergence point in history for these various retroviruses is still a challenge according to the paper.
Cite This Article
APA
Pedersen NC.
(1989).
Animal virus infections that defy vaccination: equine infectious anemia, caprine arthritis-encephalitis, maedi-visna, and feline infectious peritonitis.
Adv Vet Sci Comp Med, 33, 413-428.
https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-039233-9.50017-2 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Arthritis, Infectious / immunology
- Arthritis, Infectious / veterinary
- Cat Diseases / immunology
- Cats
- Coronaviridae / immunology
- Coronaviridae Infections / immunology
- Coronaviridae Infections / veterinary
- Encephalitis / immunology
- Encephalitis / veterinary
- Equine Infectious Anemia / immunology
- Goats
- Horses
- Peritonitis / immunology
- Peritonitis / veterinary
- Pneumonia, Progressive Interstitial, of Sheep / immunology
- Retroviridae Infections / immunology
- Retroviridae Infections / veterinary
- Sheep
- Viral Vaccines
- Visna-maedi virus / immunology
References
This article includes 55 references
Citations
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