Anthelmintic activity of crude powder and crude aqueous extract of Trachyspermum ammi on gastrointestinal nematodes in donkey (Equus asinus): An in vivo study.
Abstract: Trachyspermum ammi has been used traditionally as a popular ethnobotanical plant in human and animal parasitic infestations. Few scientific studies have been conducted on in vitro anthelmintic activity of T. ammi against various helminths and there is no study on its in vivo/in vitro anthelmintic properties against equine helminths. Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate in vivo anthelmintic activity of crude powder (CP) and crude aqueous extract (CAE) of T. ammi seeds against gastrointestinal nematodes in the donkey. Methods: Thirty donkeys, naturally and severely infected with Strongyle-type nematodes, were randomly divided into six groups and administered orally with graded doses of CP and CAE at single dose as follow: Two groups were treated with 1 and 3 gkg body weight of CP, two groups were treated with CAE at the equivalent dose rate 1 and 3 gkg bw of CP and one group was treated with 200 μgkg bw of Ivermectin 0.2% (Positive Control). One group received no medication (Negative Control). Efficacy was determined by faecal egg count reduction (FECR) test. The faecal samples were taken from the donkeys on days 7, 14 and 28 post-treatments (PT) and the egg per gram (EPG) of faeces was determined for each animal. FECR for donkeys treated with CP, CAE, and Ivermectin 0.2% was calculated on days 7, 14, and 28 PT. In the present study, CAE was analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to determine CAE chemical components. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a marker (thymol) was applied to confirm the existence of thymol as an active principle. Results: Based on the FECR findings, the maximum FECR (71.2%) was observed in the group treated with CAE on day 14 PT, while it was 66.2% for CP on the same day. The effects of different treatments (P < 0.001), time (P < 0.001) and their interactions (P < 0.05) on EPG showed a significant difference. A dose-dependent response in the anthelmintic activity of CP and CAE was observed. GC-MS analysis indicated that thymol was the major component of CAE (Area = 45.01%) with the respective peak at retention times (Rt) 10.41 min. On HPLC analysis of CAE, thymol was found to be the major constituent of CAE (Area = 58.76%) with the same Rt at 13.233 min. Conclusions: The present study indicated that both CP and CAE of T. ammi had the dose-dependent anthelmintic effects. Due to the development of drug resistance against synthetic anti-helminthics, T. ammi seems to be a promising alternative for the treatment and prevention of helminths in livestock.
Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Publication Date: 2019-09-23 PubMed ID: 31557509DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2019.112249Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Veterinary
Summary
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The research examines the effects of Trachyspermum ammi, a traditional ethnobotanical plant, on gastrointestinal nematodes in donkeys, and concludes it can be an effective treatment.
Objective and Methodology of the Research:
- The goal of this study was to determine the in vivo anthelmintic (parasite-killing) activity of Trachyspermum ammi. This plant is traditionally known for its anti-parasitic properties.
- The researchers used two forms of T. ammi: crude powder (CP) and crude aqueous extract (CAE).
- In the study, thirty donkeys severely infected with Strongyle-type nematodes were randomly divided into six groups and given different treatments.
- Two groups were treated with 1 and 3 gkg body weight of CP and two groups with equivalent doses of CAE. One group was treated with a standard anti-parasitic drug, Ivermectin 0.2%, and one group given no treatment.
- The effectiveness of each treatment was measured using the fecal egg count reduction (FECR) test. Fecal samples were taken 7, 14, and 28 days post-treatment and the number of eggs per gram of feces was counted for each animal.
Results and Findings:
- The maximum FECR (71.2%) was found in the group treated with CAE on day 14 post-treatment. This was higher than the FECR for the crude powder (66.2%) on the same day.
- Statistically significant differences were observed in the effects of different treatments over time.
- Interestingly, a dose-dependent response was also observed indicating that the effectiveness of T. ammi increased with the dosage.
- Thymol, identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), was found to be a major component of the crude aqueous extract of T. ammi.
Conclusions:
- Both forms of Trachyspermum ammi exhibited dose-dependent anthelmintic effects, indicating that they could be effective in treating parasitic infections.
- The findings suggest that T. ammi, a traditional ethnobotanical plant, could provide an alternative treatment for livestock parasitic infections. This could be especially valuable in situations where parasites have developed resistance to synthetic anti-helminthic drugs.
Cite This Article
APA
Imani-Baran A, Abdollahi J, Akbari H, Jafarirad S, Moharramnejad S.
(2019).
Anthelmintic activity of crude powder and crude aqueous extract of Trachyspermum ammi on gastrointestinal nematodes in donkey (Equus asinus): An in vivo study.
J Ethnopharmacol, 248, 112249.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2019.112249 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: a.imani@tabrizu.ac.ir.
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: abdolahi.jalal2015@gmail.com.
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: h.akbari@tabrizu.ac.ir.
- Research Institute for Fundamental Sciences (RIFS), University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran. Electronic address: jafarirad@tabrizu.ac.ir.
- Crop and Horticultural Science Research Department, Ardabil Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Moghan, Iran. Electronic address: smoharranejad@gmail.com.
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Anthelmintics / therapeutic use
- Apiaceae
- Equidae
- Feces / parasitology
- Gastrointestinal Diseases / drug therapy
- Gastrointestinal Diseases / parasitology
- Gastrointestinal Diseases / veterinary
- Male
- Plant Extracts / therapeutic use
- Powders
- Strongylida Infections / drug therapy
- Strongylida Infections / parasitology
- Strongylida Infections / veterinary
- Strongylus
Citations
This article has been cited 2 times.- Elghandour MMMY, Maggiolino A, Vázquez-Mendoza P, Alvarado-Ramírez ER, Cedillo-Monroy J, De Palo P, Salem AZM. Moringa oleifera as a Natural Alternative for the Control of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Equines: A Review.. Plants (Basel) 2023 May 8;12(9).
- Omidpanah S, Aliakbari F, Nabavi SM, Vazirian M, Hadjiakhoondi A, Kurepaz-Mahmoodabadi M, Manayi A. Effects of Monoterpenes of Trachyspermum ammi on the Viability of Spermatogonia Stem Cells In Vitro.. Plants (Basel) 2020 Mar 9;9(3).
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