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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2019; 9(9); 616; doi: 10.3390/ani9090616

Anti-Inflammatory State in Arabian Horses Introduced to the Endurance Training.

Abstract: Development of an anti-inflammatory state during physical training has been postulated in both human and equine athletes, but it is not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate whether endurance training changes pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles within a 20-week training season in young inexperienced endurance horses. Nine Arabian horses were examined in this prospective 20-week follow-up study. Blood samples were analysed 5 times monthly, at rest and after training sessions. Routine haematological examinations were performed. Cytokine patterns including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10 mRNA expression using Real Time-PCR, and serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, INFγ, TNF-α, and IL-10 by ELISA test were determined. During endurance training, the most significant decrease in post-exercise cytokine type 1 levels (TNFα and IL-β) occurred within 20 weeks, beginning from the 3rd month of training. IL-6 serum level decreased after the 4th month. The results suggest that endurance training can induce advanced overall anti-inflammatory response as an adaptation to increasing workload.
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Publication Date: 2019-08-27 PubMed ID: 31462005PubMed Central: PMC6769738DOI: 10.3390/ani9090616Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates the development of an anti-inflammatory state in Arabian horses due to endurance training over a 20-week period. Patterns in the changes of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine levels were analyzed to better understand this phenomenon.

Study Design and Methodology

  • The study was a prospective 20-week follow-up participated in by nine Arabian horses.
  • The horses were young and inexperienced in endurance training, providing a fresh canvas for the study.
  • Blood samples were collected five times monthly, both at rest and post-training, and analyzed for cytokine profiles and routine haematological examinations.
  • Specific cytokines, including IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, IL-10, were observed for their mRNA expression using Real Time-PCR.
  • In addition, serum concentrations of IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-17, INFγ, TNF-α, and IL-10 were determined by performing an ELISA test.

Key Findings

  • Observations from the study revealed a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokine type 1 levels (TNFα and IL-β) post-exercise.
  • This reduction was noted within the duration of 20 weeks, with a notable downward shift commencing from the 3rd month of training.
  • Another crucial finding was the decrease in the IL-6 serum level after the fourth month of the training program.

Conclusion and Implication

  • The study concludes that endurance training leads to a significant decrease in the levels of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  • This suggests the development of an anti-inflammatory state as a physiological adaptation to increasing workloads.
  • The research provides valuable insight into the adaptive immune response of horses to endurance training. This could be key in understanding and improving animal athletic performance and recovery strategies in equestrian sports.

Cite This Article

APA
Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Bąska P, Czopowicz M, Żmigrodzka M, Szarska E, Szczepaniak J, Nowak Z, Winnicka A, Cywińska A. (2019). Anti-Inflammatory State in Arabian Horses Introduced to the Endurance Training. Animals (Basel), 9(9), 616. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani9090616

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 9
Issue: 9
PII: 616

Researcher Affiliations

Witkowska-Piłaszewicz, Olga
  • Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland. olga.witkowska.pilaszewicz@gmail.com.
Bąska, Piotr
  • Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Czopowicz, Michał
  • Laboratory of Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Żmigrodzka, Magdalena
  • Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Szarska, Ewa
  • Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland.
Szczepaniak, Jarosław
  • Department of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Nowak, Zuzanna
  • Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Faculty of Animal Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Winnicka, Anna
  • Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Cywińska, Anna
  • Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland. anna_cywinska@sggw.pl.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.

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