[Anti-influenza vaccination in animals].

This research article explores the development and application of anti-influenza vaccinations in various animal species. Emphasis is placed on the transformations in vaccine technology, specifically the development of modified-live vaccines and vector vaccines, and the insert benefits these bring in relation to rapid immunity onset, broader species efficacy and differentiation of infection status among vaccinated animals.

Veterinary Vaccines for Influenza

• This study traces the evolution of veterinary vaccines for influenza. Originally designed for avian, swine, and horse populations, these vaccines have been revised over the past six years to meet threats in dogs and cats too.
• The most common form of veterinary influenza vaccines are inactivated adjuvanted vaccines, made from either a whole or split virus.

New Generation Vaccines

• Modern innovations have paved the way for the development of newer vaccines, such as modified-live vaccines and vector vaccines.
• Modified-live influenza vaccines, currently in development for multiple species, have now only been made available for horses. The live but altered virus in these vaccines aids in the building of stronger immunity.
• Vector vaccines, on the other hand, are already in use in horses and chickens. These vaccines work by using either replicative fowlpox or non-replicative canarypox vectors to induce speedy cellular and humoral immunity.
• Research also reveals that vector vaccines could prove effective in protecting other domestic animal species from influenza.

DIVA Strategy and Vector Vaccines

• Vector vaccines are compatible with the Differentiating Infected from Vaccinated Animals (DIVA) strategy. This approach facilitates effective disease eradication by distinguishing animals that are infected post-vaccination from those that are purely vaccinated.

Heterologous Prime-Boost Strategy

• This research supports the successive use of vector and inactivated vaccines in a “heterologous prime-boost” strategy, reporting that it induces superior protective immunity in domestic poultry. Specifically, this strategy may help in controlling the H5N1 infection.