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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Vet Med Sci / Antibody response to equine coronavirus in horses inoculated...
The Journal of veterinary medical science2017; 79(11); 1889-1891; doi: 10.1292/jvms.17-0414

Antibody response to equine coronavirus in horses inoculated with a bovine coronavirus vaccine.

Abstract: A vaccine for equine coronavirus (ECoV) is so far unavailable. Bovine coronavirus (BCoV) is antigenically related to ECoV; it is therefore possible that BCoV vaccine will induce antibodies against ECoV in horses. This study investigated antibody response to ECoV in horses inoculated with BCoV vaccine. Virus neutralization tests showed that antibody titers against ECoV increased in all six horses tested at 14 days post inoculation, although the antibody titers were lower against ECoV than against BCoV. This study showed that BCoV vaccine provides horses with antibodies against ECoV to some extent. It is unclear whether antibodies provided by BCoV vaccine are effective against ECoV, and therefore ECoV challenge studies are needed to evaluate efficacy of the vaccine in the future.
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Publication Date: 2017-10-06 PubMed ID: 28993568PubMed Central: PMC5709570DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0414Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article investigates whether a bovine coronavirus vaccine could provide an immune response against equine coronavirus in horses, given the genetic similarities between the two viruses.

Overview of the Research

  • This research investigates the potential of a bovine coronavirus (BCoV) vaccine to produce an antibody response against equine coronavirus (ECoV) in horses. The absence of an existing vaccine for ECoV prompted this line of investigation.
  • BCoV was chosen because it has antigenic similarities with ECoV, suggesting that it might trigger an immune response to ECoV as well. This is essentially an exploration of cross-immunity where exposure to one pathogen might provide immunity against another pathogen.

Methodology

  • The study was conducted on six horses that were inoculated with the BCoV vaccine.
  • The antibody response against ECoV was measured using virus neutralization tests. This method determines the presence and level of antibodies that can neutralize or prevent a virus from causing an infection.
  • The tests were carried out 14 days post-inoculation, as this is typically when measurable antibody responses are expected.

Findings

  • The study found that inside the 14-day post-inoculation window, all six horses showed an increased antibody response against ECoV. This suggests that the BCoV vaccine can elicit an immune response to ECoV in horses to a certain degree.
  • However, the antibody titers (a measure of the concentration of antibodies in the blood) were lower for ECoV than for BCoV. This indicates that while some cross-reactivity was achieved, the immune response was weaker for ECoV, in comparison to BCoV.

Implications and Future Directions

  • The results suggest that the BCoV vaccine could potentially be used as a stop-gap measure for ECoV. However, it is not yet clear whether the antibodies developed against ECoV are actually effective in preventing or mitigating an ECoV infection.
  • The study identifies the need for further research, notably ECoV challenge studies, to evaluate the efficacy of the BCoV vaccine in protecting against ECoV in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Nemoto M, Kanno T, Bannai H, Tsujimura K, Yamanaka T, Kokado H. (2017). Antibody response to equine coronavirus in horses inoculated with a bovine coronavirus vaccine. J Vet Med Sci, 79(11), 1889-1891. https://doi.org/10.1292/jvms.17-0414

Publication

The Journal of veterinary medical science
ISSN: 1347-7439
NlmUniqueID: 9105360
Country: Japan
Language: English
Volume: 79
Issue: 11
Pages: 1889-1891

Researcher Affiliations

Nemoto, Manabu
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
Kanno, Toru
  • Hokkaido Research Station, National Institute of Animal Health, 4 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-0045, Japan.
Bannai, Hiroshi
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
Tsujimura, Koji
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
Yamanaka, Takashi
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.
Kokado, Hiroshi
  • Equine Research Institute, Japan Racing Association, 1400-4 Shiba, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0412, Japan.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Antibodies, Viral
  • Antibody Formation
  • Betacoronavirus 1 / immunology
  • Coronavirus Infections / prevention & control
  • Coronavirus Infections / veterinary
  • Coronavirus, Bovine / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / immunology
  • Horse Diseases / prevention & control
  • Horse Diseases / virology
  • Horses
  • Vaccination / veterinary
  • Vaccines / immunology

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