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Veterinary microbiology2009; 138(1-2); 41-52; doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.004

Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007.

Abstract: Equine influenza virus (EIV) surveillance is important in the management of equine influenza. It provides data on circulating and newly emerging strains for vaccine strain selection. To this end, antigenic characterisation by haemaggluttination inhibition (HI) assay and phylogenetic analysis was carried out on 28 EIV strains isolated in North America and Europe during 2006 and 2007. In the UK, 20 viruses were isolated from 28 nasopharyngeal swabs that tested positive by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. All except two of the UK viruses were characterised as members of the Florida sublineage with similarity to A/eq/Newmarket/5/03 (clade 2). One isolate, A/eq/Cheshire/1/06, was characterised as an American lineage strain similar to viruses isolated up to 10 years earlier. A second isolate, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 was characterised as a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 1) with similarity to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. Furthermore, A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/06 was a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 2) by haemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence, but appeared to be a member of the Eurasian lineage by the non-structural gene (NS) sequence suggesting that reassortment had occurred. A/eq/Switzerland/P112/07 was characterised as a member of the Eurasian lineage, the first time since 2005 that isolation of a virus from this lineage has been reported. Seven viruses from North America were classified as members of the Florida sublineage (clade 1), similar to A/eq/Wisconsin/03. In conclusion, a variety of antigenically distinct EIVs continue to circulate worldwide. Florida sublineage clade 1 viruses appear to predominate in North America, clade 2 viruses in Europe.
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Publication Date: 2009-03-13 PubMed ID: 19346084DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.004Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Research Support
  • N.I.H.
  • Extramural
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study analyzes the differences in strains of equine influenza virus (EIV) found in Europe and North America between 2006 and 2007. The result indicates that a variety of distinct EIVs circulate globally, with specific strains predominant in North America and Europe.

About the Research

This research was conducted as a part of equine influenza virus (EIV) surveillance, crucial for managing equine influenza. It helps gather data regarding circulating and newly emerging strains for effective selection of vaccine strains.

  • The researchers conducted antigenic characterization and phylogenetic analysis on 28 EIV strains that were isolated in North America and Europe during 2006 and 2007.
  • They used haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assay for the antigenic characterization, which is a primary method used to identify and classify serotypes of virus.
  • The phylogenetic analysis was essential for tracing the evolution of these strains.

Findings

Based on the analysis, researchers made several conclusions regarding the origins and characteristics of the EIV strains isolated during the study.

  • In the UK, 20 viruses out of 28 nasopharyngeal swabs that were positive in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were isolated.
  • Except for two, all UK viruses were characterized as members of the Florida sublineage. They had similarities to A/eq/Newmarket/5/03, a strain classified under clade 2.
  • An isolate named A/eq/Cheshire/1/06 came out as an American lineage strain, akin to viruses isolated up to a decade earlier.
  • A second isolate named A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/07 was featured as a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 1) with a similarity to A/eq/Wisconsin/03.
  • Another A/eq/Lincolnshire/1/06 was a member of the Florida sublineage (clade 2) by the haemagglutinin (HA) gene sequence. However, revealed a connection to the Eurasian lineage by the non-structural gene (NS) sequence. This suggests that reassortment had occurred.
  • Virus A/eq/Switzerland/P112/07 was characterized as a member of the Eurasian lineage. This was significant as it represented the first time since 2005 that the isolation of a virus from this lineage was reported.
  • Seven viruses from North America were classified as members of the Florida sublineage (clade 1), akin to A/eq/Wisconsin/03.

Conclusion

The research concludes that a wide variety of antigenically distinct EIVs continue to circulate worldwide. Florida sublineage clade 1 viruses appear to be more common in North America, and clade 2 viruses more common in Europe, thus showing a difference in the prevalence of EIV strains between the two regions.

Cite This Article

APA
Bryant NA, Rash AS, Russell CA, Ross J, Cooke A, Bowman S, MacRae S, Lewis NS, Paillot R, Zanoni R, Meier H, Griffiths LA, Daly JM, Tiwari A, Chambers TM, Newton JR, Elton DM. (2009). Antigenic and genetic variations in European and North American equine influenza virus strains (H3N8) isolated from 2006 to 2007. Vet Microbiol, 138(1-2), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.03.004

Publication

Veterinary microbiology
ISSN: 1873-2542
NlmUniqueID: 7705469
Country: Netherlands
Language: English
Volume: 138
Issue: 1-2
Pages: 41-52

Researcher Affiliations

Bryant, Neil A
  • Animal Health Trust, Centre for Preventive Medicine, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket CB8 7UU, UK. neil.bryant@aht.org.uk
Rash, Adam S
    Russell, Colin A
      Ross, Julie
        Cooke, Annie
          Bowman, Samantha
            MacRae, Shona
              Lewis, Nicola S
                Paillot, Romain
                  Zanoni, Reto
                    Meier, Hanspeter
                      Griffiths, Lowri A
                        Daly, Janet M
                          Tiwari, Ashish
                            Chambers, Thomas M
                              Newton, J Richard
                                Elton, Debra M

                                  MeSH Terms

                                  • Amino Acid Sequence
                                  • Animals
                                  • Antibodies, Viral / immunology
                                  • Chickens / virology
                                  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
                                  • Erythrocytes / virology
                                  • Europe
                                  • Genes, Viral
                                  • Genetic Variation
                                  • Horse Diseases / virology
                                  • Horses
                                  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / classification
                                  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / genetics
                                  • Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype / isolation & purification
                                  • Lung Diseases / veterinary
                                  • Lung Diseases / virology
                                  • Nasopharynx / virology
                                  • North America
                                  • Orthomyxoviridae Infections / veterinary
                                  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
                                  • Sequence Alignment
                                  • Viral Nonstructural Proteins / genetics

                                  Grant Funding

                                  • DP1-OD000490-01 / NIH HHS

                                  Citations

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