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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Clin Microbiol / Antimicrobial Resistance Spectrum Conferred by pRErm46 of Em...
Journal of clinical microbiology2021; 59(10); e0114921; doi: 10.1128/JCM.01149-21

Antimicrobial Resistance Spectrum Conferred by pRErm46 of Emerging Macrolide (Multidrug)-Resistant Rhodococcus equi.

Abstract: Clonal multidrug resistance recently emerged in Rhodococcus equi, complicating the therapeutic management of this difficult-to-treat animal- and human-pathogenic actinomycete. The currently spreading multidrug-resistant (MDR) "2287" clone arose in equine farms upon acquisition, and coselection by mass macrolide-rifampin therapy, of the pRErm46 plasmid carrying the (46) macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance determinant, and of an mutation. Here, we screened a collection of susceptible and macrolide-resistant strains from equine clinical cases using a panel of 15 antimicrobials against rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and nocardiae and other aerobic actinomycetes (NAA). R. equi isolates-including MDR ones-were generally susceptible to linezolid, minocycline, tigecycline, amikacin, and tobramycin according to Staphylococcus aureus interpretive criteria, plus imipenem, cefoxitin, and ceftriaxone based on Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines for RGM/NAA. Susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin was borderline according to European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) criteria. Molecular analyses linked pRErm46 to significantly increased MICs for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline, in addition to clarithromycin, within the RGM/NAA panel, and to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and tetracycline resistance. pRErm46 variants with spontaneous deletions in the class 1 integron (C1I) region, observed in ≈30% of (46)-positive isolates, indicated that the newly identified resistances were attributable to the C1I's sulfonamide () and aminoglycoside () resistance cassettes and adjacent (33) determinant. Most MDR isolates carried the mutation of the 2287 clone, while different mutations (S531L, S531Y) detected in two cases suggest the emergence of novel MDR strains.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-28 PubMed ID: 34319806PubMed Central: PMC8451426DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01149-21Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research discusses the occurrence of multidrug resistance in Rhodococcus equi due to the acquisition of pRErm46 plasmid and effect of various antibiotics. The scientists found that the pRErm46 is linked to increased MICs for several antibiotics but, isolates were usually susceptible to linezolid, minocycline, and others as per different criteria.

Understanding the Research

  • The study focuses on Rhodococcus equi, a difficult-to-treat bacterium that can cause disease in both animals and humans. Recently, a multidrug-resistant clone of this bacteria known as “2287” has been emerging in equine farms due to widespread use of macrolide-rifampin therapy, which leads the bacterial strain to acquire the pRErm46 plasmid.
  • The pRErm46 plasmid carries the macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance determinant, which grants the bacteria with increased resistance towards three classes of antibiotics – macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins.
  • The researchers collected strains of both susceptible and macrolide-resistant R. equi to analyze their response to a range of antibiotics.

Testing and Results

  • The researchers tested the R. equi strains using a panel of 15 antimicrobials against rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGM) and nocardiae as well as other aerobic actinomycetes. These are all different types of bacteria that the researchers utilized as a comparison.
  • Despite the multidrug resistance, R. equi isolates were generally found to be susceptible to certain antimicrobials including linezolid, minocycline, tigecycline, amikacin, and tobramycin.
  • However, the study found that the presence of pRErm46 plasmid tended to increase minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) indicative of resistance, for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline, in addition to clarithromycin, within the RGM/nocardiae/actinomycetes panel. It was also linked to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and tetracycline resistance.
  • In about 30% of macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin-resistance gene-positive isolates, variants of the pRErm46 plasmid with spontaneous deletions in a region related to class 1 integron (C1I), a genetic element associated with antibiotic resistance, were observed. The resistance found in these variants was attributed to the sulfonamide and aminoglycoside resistance cassettes located adjacent to the C1I region of the plasmid.

Conclusions

  • Most multidrug-resistant isolates carried a certain mutation of the 2287 clone, while different mutations found in two isolates suggest that new multidrug-resistant strains of R. equi could be emerging.
  • The findings of this research highlight the need for further investigation to prevent the spread of multidrug-resistant strains of R. equi.

Cite This Article

APA
Erol E, Scortti M, Fortner J, Patel M, Vázquez-Boland JA. (2021). Antimicrobial Resistance Spectrum Conferred by pRErm46 of Emerging Macrolide (Multidrug)-Resistant Rhodococcus equi. J Clin Microbiol, 59(10), e0114921. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.01149-21

Publication

Journal of clinical microbiology
ISSN: 1098-660X
NlmUniqueID: 7505564
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 59
Issue: 10
Pages: e0114921
PII: e01149-21

Researcher Affiliations

Erol, Erdal
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentuckygrid.266539.d, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Scortti, Mariela
  • Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School (Biomedical Sciences), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
Fortner, Jordan
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentuckygrid.266539.d, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Patel, Mukesh
  • Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Kentuckygrid.266539.d, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.
Vázquez-Boland, José A
  • Microbial Pathogenesis Laboratory, Infection Medicine, Edinburgh Medical School (Biomedical Sciences), University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / pharmacology
  • Anti-Bacterial Agents / therapeutic use
  • Drug Resistance, Bacterial
  • Horses
  • Humans
  • Macrolides / pharmacology
  • Microbial Sensitivity Tests
  • Rhodococcus
  • Rhodococcus equi / genetics

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