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EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority2022; 20(8); e07534; doi: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7534

Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses.

Abstract: In 2018, the EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) adopted a Scientific Opinion on the risks for animal health related to the presence of fumonisins, their modified forms and hidden forms in feed. A no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) of 1 mg/kg feed was established for pigs. In poultry a NOAEL of 20 mg/kg feed and in horses a reference point for adverse animal health effect of 8.8 mg/kg feed was established, referred to as NOAEL. The European Commission (EC) requested EFSA to review the information regarding the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses and to revise, if necessary, the established NOAELs. The EFSA CONTAM Panel considered that the term reference point (RP) for adverse animal health effects better reflects the uncertainties in the available studies. New evidence which had become available since the previous opinion allowed to revise an RP for adverse animal health effects for poultry from 20 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg feed (based on a LOAEL of 2.5 mg/kg feed for reduced intestinal crypt depth) and for horses from 8.8 to 1.0 mg/kg feed (based on case studies on equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM)). For pigs, the previously established NOAEL was confirmed as no further studies suitable for deriving an RP for adverse animal health effects could be identified. Based on exposure estimates performed in the previous opinion, the risk of adverse health effects of feeds containing FB1-3 was considered a concern for poultry, when taking into account the RP of 1 mg/kg feed for intestinal effects. For horses and other solipeds, the risk is considered low, although a large uncertainty associated with exposure was identified. The same conclusions apply to the sum of FB1-3 and their hidden forms.
© 2022 Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KgaA on behalf of the European Food Safety Authority.
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Publication Date: 2022-08-24 PubMed ID: 36034321PubMed Central: PMC9399829DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7534Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research article is about reassessing the toxicity levels of fumonisins, a group of mycotoxins, on pigs, poultry, and horses. The EFSA Panel on Contaminants reviewed updated evidence and revised toxicity reference points for these animals, confirming that higher exposure to fumonisins through feed could cause adverse health effects.

Objective of the Research

  • The 2018 European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) undertook a review of the impact of fumonisins, their modified forms, and hidden forms on animal health. The review specifically focused on pigs, poultry, and horses.
  • The panel aimed to establish or update ‘No Observed Adverse Effect Levels’ (NOAELs) or ‘Reference Points’ (RPs) for these animal groups, which define the maximum amount of fumonisins in their feed that doesn’t cause noticeable negative health effects.

The Updated Reference Points for the Animals

  • For pigs, no new studies were identified that could help redefine the NOAEL hence, the previously established NOAEL of 1 mg/kg of feed was confirmed as suitable.
  • For poultry, the RP was revised down dramatically from 20 mg/kg to 1 mg/kg feed. This new level is based on a Lowest Observed Adverse Effect Levels (LOAEL) 2.5 mg/kg feed which caused reduced intestinal crypt depth, an indication of adverse intestinal effects.
  • For horses, based on case studies on the occurrence of a disease called equine leukoencephalomalacia (ELEM) in horses, the RP was revised from 8.8 mg/kg to 1.0 mg/kg feed.

Risks and Concerns

  • The presence of fumonisins as FB1-3 in feeds was identified as a risk for poultry due to adverse intestinal effects. This is particularly a concern since the new RP was revised to 1mg/kg of feed.
  • While the risk for horses and other solipeds is considered low at the new RP of 1 mg/kg, there’s significant uncertainty due to variable exposure levels.
  • The conclusions about the risks of exposure apply both to fumonisins as FB1-3 and their hidden forms, indicating both forms of the mycotoxins are equally significant in terms of potential health effects.

Cite This Article

APA
Schrenk D, Bignami M, Bodin L, Chipman JK, Del Mazo J, Grasl-Kraupp B, Hogstrand C, Leblanc JC, Nielsen E, Ntzani E, Petersen A, Sand S, Schwerdtle T, Vleminckx C, Wallace H, Daenicke S, Nebbia CS, Oswald IP, Rovesti E, Steinkellner H, Hoogenboom LR. (2022). Assessment of information as regards the toxicity of fumonisins for pigs, poultry and horses. EFSA J, 20(8), e07534. https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7534

Publication

EFSA journal. European Food Safety Authority
ISSN: 1831-4732
NlmUniqueID: 101642076
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 20
Issue: 8
Pages: e07534
PII: e07534

Researcher Affiliations

Schrenk, Dieter
    Bignami, Margherita
      Bodin, Laurent
        Chipman, James Kevin
          Del Mazo, Jesús
            Grasl-Kraupp, Bettina
              Hogstrand, Christer
                Leblanc, Jean-Charles
                  Nielsen, Elsa
                    Ntzani, Evangelia
                      Petersen, Annette
                        Sand, Salomon
                          Schwerdtle, Tanja
                            Vleminckx, Christiane
                              Wallace, Heather
                                Daenicke, Sven
                                  Nebbia, Carlo Stefano
                                    Oswald, Isabelle P
                                      Rovesti, Elena
                                        Steinkellner, Hans
                                          Hoogenboom, Laurentius Ron

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                                            Citations

                                            This article has been cited 22 times.
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