Assessment of wall shear stress in arteries, applied to the coronary circulation.
Abstract: Time dependent wall shear rates cannot be directly or accurately measured in arteries using presently available techniques. Here a simple method is presented for calculating them from a single measured velocity waveform (either centreline or cross-sectionally averaged velocity). The method involves only Fourier analysis and the application of given formulae, and it is expected to be approximately valid in any segment of artery which has no branches or sharp curves for a distance of several diameters. It is shown, however, that a frequency response of 30 Hz is required in the velocity measuring device if the resulting wall shear rate waveform is to be accurate throughout the cycle although 10 Hz is adequate if only the rms value is desired. This restriction on accuracy applies to this or any other method of estimating time-dependent wall shear. The method is applied to a prediction of wall shear in the left coronary arteries of the horse, based on measured velocities where they are available and calculated ones where they are not; the results show that in vivo the amplitude of wall shear fluctuations is much greater than the mean. The method is also applied to a scaled down model of the horse coronaries, thought to be representative of man; here the unsteadiness is still important but no longer dominant. The variation of wall shear with distance along the artery is discussed in the context of atherogenesis.
Publication Date: 1980-10-01 PubMed ID: 7214391DOI: 10.1093/cvr/14.10.568Google Scholar: Lookup
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- Journal Article
- Research Support
- Non-U.S. Gov't
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- Non-P.H.S.
- Research Support
- U.S. Gov't
- P.H.S.
Summary
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The research demonstrates a simple method to calculate time-dependent wall shear rates in arteries, using existing velocity measurement techniques. The researchers apply this method to predict the wall shear in horse’s left coronary arteries and further, to a scaled model seen as representative of humans.
Methodology
- The research introduces a straightforward method for estimating wall shear rates in arteries. It employs a Fourier analysis and given formulae to derive the rates from a single velocity waveform.
- This method is presumed valid for any artery segment that lacks branches or sharp curves spanning several diameters. The researchers caution that a frequency response of 30Hz is necessary in the device measuring velocity for accuracy throughout the cycle, while a 10 Hz frequency is sufficient for an effective rms (root mean square) value.
Application of the Method
- The proposed method is used to predict the wall shear in the left coronary arteries of a horse. The procedure involves using measured velocities where possible and calculated ones where measurements are unavailable.
- The findings suggest that in vivo (in a living organism) the wall shear fluctuations greatly exceed the average. This means the alterations in blood flow pressures exerted on the arterial wall are significantly higher than the mean pressure under normal conditions.
Usage on a Scaled Model
- The method is further applied to a scaled-down model of horse coronary arteries considered to be reflective of human arteries. In this scenario, although the fluctuations in wall shear remain significant, they do not dominate.
Implications for Atherogenesis
- The researchers also discuss the implications of their findings in the context of atherogenesis,
which is the development of atherosclerosis or the formation of plaques in the arteries. The variations of wall shear observed along the artery could provide insights into the complex process of blood vessel disease.
Cite This Article
APA
Benson TJ, Nerem RM, Pedley TJ.
(1980).
Assessment of wall shear stress in arteries, applied to the coronary circulation.
Cardiovasc Res, 14(10), 568-576.
https://doi.org/10.1093/cvr/14.10.568 Publication
Researcher Affiliations
MeSH Terms
- Animals
- Coronary Circulation
- Coronary Disease / physiopathology
- Coronary Vessels / physiology
- Coronary Vessels / physiopathology
- Fourier Analysis
- Horses
- Humans
- Methods
- Models, Cardiovascular
- Stress, Mechanical
Grant Funding
- HL-16236 / NHLBI NIH HHS
Citations
This article has been cited 3 times.- Chaniotis AK, Kaiktsis L, Katritsis D, Efstathopoulos E, Pantos I, Marmarellis V. Computational study of pulsatile blood flow in prototype vessel geometries of coronary segments. Phys Med 2010;26(3):140-56.
- Lee EJ, Vunjak-Novakovic G, Wang Y, Niklason LE. A biocompatible endothelial cell delivery system for in vitro tissue engineering. Cell Transplant 2009;18(7):731-43.
- Katritsis DG, Efstathopoulos EP, Pantos J, Korovesis S, Kourlaba G, Kazantzidis S, Marmarelis V, Voridis E. Anatomic characteristics of culprit sites in acute coronary syndromes. J Interv Cardiol 2008 Apr;21(2):140-50.
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