FREE SHIPPING over $40
OVER 10000 FIVE-STAR REVIEWS
5% OFF ALL SUBSCRIPTIONS
100% HAPPINESS GUARANTEE
Analyze Diet
0
Journal of veterinary internal medicine2015; 30(1); 269-275; doi: 10.1111/jvim.13659

Association Between Necropsy Evidence of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hemostatic Variables Before Death in Horses With Colic.

Abstract: Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is frequent in horses with severe gastrointestinal disorders. Postmortem studies have found fibrin microthrombi in tissues of these horses, but studies relating these histopathological findings with antemortem hemostatic data are lacking. Objective: Antemortem classification of coagulopathy is related to the presence and severity of fibrin deposits observed postmortem in horses with severe gastrointestinal disorders. Methods: Antemortem hemostatic profile data and postmortem tissue samples (kidney, lung, liver) from 48 horses with colic. Methods: Tissue samples were stained with phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin and immunohistochemical methods for histological examination. A fibrin score (grades 0-4) was assigned for each technique, tissue and horse, as well as the presence or absence of DIC at postmortem examination. D-dimer concentration, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), and antithrombin (AT) activity, as well as the clinicopathological evidence of coagulopathy, were determined from plasma samples collected 0-24 hours before death or euthanasia. Histologic and clinicopathologic data from the same horses were compared retrospectively. Results: No association was found between antemortem classification of coagulopathy and postmortem diagnosis of DIC based on tissue fibrin deposition. None of the hemostatic parameters was significantly different between horses with or without postmortem diagnosis of DIC. There was no association between horses with fibrin in tissues or different cut-offs for D-dimer concentration and postmortem evidence of DIC. Conclusions: Abnormalities of the routine clotting profile, including D-dimer concentration, were not useful in predicting histologic evidence of DIC at necropsy in horses with severe gastrointestinal disorders.
Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.
Get Full Text
Publication Date: 2015-11-18 PubMed ID: 26581617PubMed Central: PMC4913647DOI: 10.1111/jvim.13659Google Scholar: Lookup
The Equine Research Bank provides access to a large database of publicly available scientific literature. Inclusion in the Research Bank does not imply endorsement of study methods or findings by Mad Barn.
LinkedInCopy
  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study examined whether clinical signs of clotting problems in horses with severe gastrointestinal disorders could predict the occurrence of a specific clotting disorder identified at autopsy. However, it found that usual clotting tests, including measuring the D-dimer concentration, were not predictive of this disorder.

Objective and Methods

  • The researchers aimed to understand whether clinical diagnosis of coagulopathy (abnormal clotting) corresponds to the post-mortem identification of fibrin (a protein that forms blood clots) deposits observed in horses suffering from severe gastrointestinal disorders.
  • They studied data related to antemortem (before death) hemostatic profile and postmortem tissue samples from 48 horses suffering from colic—a common gastrointestinal disorder in horses.
  • Methods applied included staining and histological examination of tissue samples from vital organs (kidney, lung, liver) of the diseased horses. The process used phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin stains and immunohistochemical methods.
  • A fibrin score was assigned for each staining technique, tissue sample, and horse, indicating the severity of fibrin deposition. These scores correlated to either the presence or absence of DIC (Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation)—a critical condition causing abnormal clotting and bleeding simultaneously.
  • The researchers also quantified several hemostatic parameters (D-dimer concentration, PT, aPTT, AT activity) from plasma samples collected from these horses within 24 hours before their death or euthanasia. These parameters shed light on the horse’s coagulation status and potential abnormalities.

Results and Conclusion

  • The study findings indicate no association between the antemortem classification of coagulopathy and postmortem diagnosis of DIC based on tissue fibrin deposition.
  • No significant differences were observed in the hemostatic parameters between horses with or without a postmortem diagnosis of DIC.
  • The study also revealed no link between horses with fibrin in tissues or various D-dimer concentration cut-offs and postmortem evidence of DIC.
  • In conclusion, the study suggests that routine clotting profile+ abnormalities, including D-dimer concentration, are not useful in predicting histologic evidence of DIC at autopsy in horses with severe gastrointestinal disorders. This conclusion underscores the need for more advanced or different diagnostic methods for predicting DIC in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Cesarini C, Cotovio M, Ríos J, Armengou L, Jose-Cunilleras E. (2015). Association Between Necropsy Evidence of Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation and Hemostatic Variables Before Death in Horses With Colic. J Vet Intern Med, 30(1), 269-275. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13659

Publication

Journal of veterinary internal medicine
ISSN: 1939-1676
NlmUniqueID: 8708660
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 30
Issue: 1
Pages: 269-275

Researcher Affiliations

Cesarini, C
  • Servei de Medicina Interna Equina, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Cotovio, M
  • CECAV, Centro de Ciência Animal e Veterinária and Departamento de Ciências Veterinárias, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5000-801, Vila Real, Portugal.
Ríos, J
  • Laboratory of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Statistics and Methodology Support Unit, IDIBAPS, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain.
Armengou, L
  • Servei de Medicina Interna Equina, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Jose-Cunilleras, E
  • Servei de Medicina Interna Equina, Fundació Hospital Clínic Veterinari and Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterinària, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

MeSH Terms

  • Animals
  • Colic / blood
  • Colic / complications
  • Colic / mortality
  • Colic / veterinary
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / blood
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / complications
  • Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation / veterinary
  • Female
  • Fibrin / metabolism
  • Horse Diseases / blood
  • Horse Diseases / mortality
  • Horse Diseases / pathology
  • Horses
  • Male

References

This article includes 25 references
  1. Johnstone IB, Crane S. Hemostatic abnormalities in equine colic.. Am J Vet Res 1986 Feb;47(2):356-8.
    pubmed: 3954219
  2. Johnstone IB, Crane S. Haemostatic abnormalities in horses with colic--their prognostic value.. Equine Vet J 1986 Jul;18(4):271-4.
    pubmed: 3758003doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1986.tb03624.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  3. Prasse KW, Topper MJ, Moore JN, Welles EG. Analysis of hemostasis in horses with colic.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1993 Sep 1;203(5):685-93.
    pubmed: 8407538
  4. Monreal L, Anglés A, Espada Y, Monasterio J, Monreal M. Hypercoagulation and hypofibrinolysis in horses with colic and DIC.. Equine Vet J Suppl 2000 Jun;(32):19-25.
    pubmed: 11202377doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2000.tb05329.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  5. Dolente BA, Wilkins PA, Boston RC. Clinicopathologic evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation in horses with acute colitis.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2002 Apr 1;220(7):1034-8.
    pubmed: 12420783doi: 10.2460/javma.2002.220.1034google scholar: lookup
  6. Dallap BL, Dolente B, Boston R. Coagulation profiles in 27 horses with large colon volvulus. J Vet Emerg Crit Care 2003;13:215–225.
  7. Cesarini C, Monreal L, Armengou L, Delgado MÁ, Ríos J, Jose-Cunilleras E. Association of admission plasma D-dimer concentration with diagnosis and outcome in horses with colic.. J Vet Intern Med 2010 Nov-Dec;24(6):1490-7.
    pubmed: 20946373doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0618.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  8. Stokol T. Disseminated intravascular coagulation. Schalm's Veterinary Hematology 2010:679–688.
  9. Wilde JT, Roberts KM, Greaves M, Preston FE. Association between necropsy evidence of disseminated intravascular coagulation and coagulation variables before death in patients in intensive care units.. J Clin Pathol 1988 Feb;41(2):138-42.
    pmc: PMC1141367pubmed: 3350976doi: 10.1136/jcp.41.2.138google scholar: lookup
  10. Welch RD, Watkins JP, Taylor TS, Cohen ND, Carter GK. Disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with colic in 23 horses (1984-1989).. J Vet Intern Med 1992 Jan-Feb;6(1):29-35.
    pubmed: 1548623doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.1992.tb00982.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  11. Cesarini C, Monreal L, Armengou L, Delgado MÁ, Ríos J, Jose-Cunilleras E. Progression of plasma D-dimer concentration and coagulopathies during hospitalization in horses with colic.. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2014 Nov-Dec;24(6):672-80.
    pubmed: 25123566doi: 10.1111/vec.12211google scholar: lookup
  12. Hayashi K, Hsueh CL, Kawasaki H, Toyofuku H, Miyashima T, Awai M. Importance of immunoenzyme histochemical reaction in diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in human and animal material.. Acta Med Okayama 1989 Feb;43(1):29-38.
    pubmed: 2470234doi: 10.18926/amo/30896google scholar: lookup
  13. Tanaka K, Imamura T. Incidence and clinicopathological significance of DIC in autopsy cases.. Bibl Haematol 1983;(49):79-93.
    pubmed: 6667256doi: 10.1159/000408449google scholar: lookup
  14. Kojima M, Shimamura K, Mori N, Oka K, Nakazawa M. A histological study on microthrombi in autopsy cases of DIC.. Bibl Haematol 1983;(49):95-106.
    pubmed: 6421274doi: 10.1159/000408450google scholar: lookup
  15. Robboy SJ, Major MC, Colman RW, Minna JD. Pathology of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Analysis of 26 cases.. Hum Pathol 1972 Sep;3(3):327-43.
    pubmed: 5065327doi: 10.1016/s0046-8177(72)80034-0google scholar: lookup
  16. Kim HS, Suzuki M, Lie JT, Titus JL. Clinically unsuspected disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC): an autopsy survey.. Am J Clin Pathol 1976 Jul;66(1):31-9.
    pubmed: 937273doi: 10.1093/ajcp/66.1.31google scholar: lookup
  17. Bateman SW, Mathews KA, Abrams-Ogg AC, Lumsden JH, Johnstone IB, Hillers TK, Foster RA. Diagnosis of disseminated intravascular coagulation in dogs admitted to an intensive care unit.. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1999 Sep 15;215(6):798-804.
    pubmed: 10496131
  18. Cotovio M, Monreal L, Navarro M, Segura D, Prada J, Alves A. Detection of fibrin deposits in tissues from horses with severe gastrointestinal disorders.. J Vet Intern Med 2007 Mar-Apr;21(2):308-13.
    pubmed: 17427393doi: 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[308:dofdit]2.0.co;2google scholar: lookup
  19. Cotovio M, Monreal L, Navarro M, Segura D, Prada J, Alves A. Detection of fibrin deposits in horse tissues by immunohistochemistry.. J Vet Intern Med 2007 Sep-Oct;21(5):1083-9.
    pubmed: 17939568doi: 10.1892/0891-6640(2007)21[1083:dofdih]2.0.co;2google scholar: lookup
  20. Cotovio M, Monreal L, Armengou L, Prada J, Almeida JM, Segura D. Fibrin deposits and organ failure in newborn foals with severe septicemia.. J Vet Intern Med 2008 Nov-Dec;22(6):1403-10.
    pubmed: 18783354doi: 10.1111/j.1939-1676.2008.0178.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  21. Wilson I, Gamble M. The hematoxylins and eosin. Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques 2002:125–138.
  22. Gómez C, Páramo JA, Colucci M, Rocha E. Effect of heparin and/or antithrombin III on the generation of endotoxin-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor.. Thromb Haemost 1989 Sep 29;62(2):694-8.
    pubmed: 2683190
  23. Montes R, Rodríguez-Wilhelmi P, Hurtado V, Matsukawa A, Montes M, Hermida J, Rocha E. The endotoxin-induced plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 increase in rabbits is not tumor necrosis factor-alpha dependent and can occur in the absence of interleukin-1beta.. Thromb Haemost 2002 Oct;88(4):639-43.
    pubmed: 12362236
  24. Katsumura Y, Ohtsubo K. Association between pulmonary microthromboembolism and coagulation variables in hypercoagulable states: an autopsy study.. Respirology 1999 Sep;4(3):239-43.
    pubmed: 10489665doi: 10.1046/j.1440-1843.1999.00181.xgoogle scholar: lookup
  25. Kaufman HH, Hui KS, Mattson JC, Borit A, Childs TL, Hoots WK, Bernstein DP, Makela ME, Wagner KA, Kahan BD. Clinicopathological correlations of disseminated intravascular coagulation in patients with head injury.. Neurosurgery 1984 Jul;15(1):34-42.
    pubmed: 6472592doi: 10.1227/00006123-198407000-00008google scholar: lookup

Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
  1. Satué K, Gardon JC, Muñoz A. Clinical and laboratorial description of the differential diagnoses of hemostatic disorders in the horse. Iran J Vet Res 2020 Winter;21(1):1-8.
    pubmed: 32368218
  2. Schliewert EC, Hooijberg EH, Goddard A. Experimental infection of horses with African horse sickness virus results in overt disseminated intravascular coagulation. Equine Vet J 2026 Mar;58(2):619-629.
    doi: 10.1002/evj.70134pubmed: 41572601google scholar: lookup
  3. Silva G, Queiroga FL, Cruz Z, Maia A, Silvestre-Ferreira AC. Coagulation Profile of the Healthy Miranda's Donkey. Animals (Basel) 2024 Jul 10;14(14).
    doi: 10.3390/ani14142031pubmed: 39061493google scholar: lookup
Subscribe to our newsletter
Join 99,727 horse owners like you who receive our email updates on horse health and nutrition.