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Journal of clinical microbiology2005; 43(1); 120-126; doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.1.120-126.2005

Association between respiratory disease and bacterial and viral infections in British racehorses.

Abstract: Respiratory disease is important in horses, particularly in young Thoroughbred racehorses, and inflammation that is detected in the trachea and bronchi (termed inflammatory airway disease [IAD]) is more significant in this population in terms of impact and frequency than other presentations of respiratory disease. IAD, which is characterized by neutrophilic inflammation, mild clinical signs, and accumulation of mucus in the trachea, may be multifactorial, possibly involving infections and environmental and immunological factors, and its etiology remains unclear. This 3-year longitudinal study of young Thoroughbred racehorses was undertaken to characterize the associations of IAD and nasal discharge with viral and bacterial infections. IAD was statistically associated with tracheal infection with Streptococcus pneumoniae (capsule type 3), Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus spp., and Mycoplasma equirhinis and equine herpesvirus 1 and 4 infections, after adjustment for variation between training yards, seasons, and age groups. The association with S. pneumoniae and S. zooepidemicus was independent of prior viral infection and, critically, was dependent on the numbers of organisms isolated. S. pneumoniae was significant only in horses that were 2 years old or younger. The prevalence and incidence of IAD, S. zooepidemicus, and S. pneumoniae decreased in parallel with age, consistent with increased disease resistance, perhaps by the acquisition of immunity. The study provided evidence for S. zooepidemicus and S. pneumoniae playing an important etiological role in the pathogenesis of IAD in young horses.
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Publication Date: 2005-01-07 PubMed ID: 15634959PubMed Central: PMC540098DOI: 10.1128/JCM.43.1.120-126.2005Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article outlines a 3-year longitudinal study on thoroughbred racehorses, examining the link between respiratory disease (specifically Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD)) and bacterial and viral infections. The findings suggest that IAD is significantly associated with specific bacterial and viral infections, particularly Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus zooepidemicus.

Objective of the Research

  • The primary aim of the research was to explore the relationship between a respiratory illness known as Inflammatory Airway Disease (IAD) and bacterial and viral infections in British racehorses. The researchers wanted to understand the etiology, or causes, of IAD and its correlation with nasal discharge and various infections.

Research Methodology

  • The research was conducted over a period of 3 years and it followed young Thoroughbred racehorses.
  • The researchers tracked the frequency of IAD and nasal discharge in relation to the presence of bacterial and viral infections.
  • The associations were then statistically analysed to account for variations such as differences between training yards, seasonality, and different age groups.

Key Findings

  • After adjusting for various factors, the research revealed a significant correlation between IAD and infection of the trachea with certain bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Actinobacillus spp., Mycoplasma equirhinis) and equine herpesvirus 1 and 4.
  • The relation with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus zooepidemicus was found independent of prior viral infection. More significantly, the relationship was dependent on the number of organisms isolated, suggesting a direct association.
  • Interestingly, Streptococcus pneumoniae was observed to be significantly influential only in horses that were two years old or younger.
  • As horses grew older, the prevalence and incidence of IAD, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus zooepidemicus decreased proportionately. This suggested increased resistance to these diseases, possibly due to the acquisition of immunity over time.

Conclusion

  • This study provides valuable evidence that Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus zooepidemicus may play a significant etiological role in the development of IAD in young racehorses.

Cite This Article

APA
Wood JL, Newton JR, Chanter N, Mumford JA. (2005). Association between respiratory disease and bacterial and viral infections in British racehorses. J Clin Microbiol, 43(1), 120-126. https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.43.1.120-126.2005

Publication

Journal of clinical microbiology
ISSN: 0095-1137
NlmUniqueID: 7505564
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 43
Issue: 1
Pages: 120-126

Researcher Affiliations

Wood, J L N
  • Epidemiology Unit, Animal Health Trust, Lanwades Park, Kentford, Newmarket, Suffolk, CB8 0NG, United Kingdom. james.wood@aht.org.uk
Newton, J R
    Chanter, N
      Mumford, J A

        MeSH Terms

        • Animals
        • Bacterial Infections / epidemiology
        • Bacterial Infections / microbiology
        • Bacterial Infections / veterinary
        • Horse Diseases / epidemiology
        • Horse Diseases / microbiology
        • Horse Diseases / virology
        • Horses
        • Inflammation
        • Respiratory Tract Infections / epidemiology
        • Respiratory Tract Infections / microbiology
        • Respiratory Tract Infections / veterinary
        • Respiratory Tract Infections / virology
        • Trachea / microbiology
        • United Kingdom / epidemiology
        • Virus Diseases / epidemiology
        • Virus Diseases / veterinary
        • Virus Diseases / virology

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