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Frontiers in veterinary science2024; 10; 1305873; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1305873

Behavioral observations, heart rate and cortisol monitoring in horses following multiple oral administrations of a cannabidiol containing paste (part 2/2).

Abstract: As a remedy against stress and anxiety, cannabidiol (CBD) products are of increasing interest in veterinary medicine. Limited data is available describing the actual effectiveness of CBD in horses. The aim of this study (part 2 of 2) was to analyze stress parameters via behavioral observation, heart rate monitoring and assessment of blood and saliva cortisol levels in healthy horses treated repeatedly with a CBD containing paste. Twelve horses were randomly assigned to a treatment or a control group. Two pastes were orally administered in a double-blinded study design, one paste containing CBD and one paste without active ingredient. Both pastes were administered twice daily over 15 days (dose: 3 mg CBD/kg). Behavioral observations were conducted daily using a sedation score and a rating of facial expressions, based on the previously described facial sedation scale for horses (FaceSed) and the Horse Grimace Scale. Blood and saliva samples were obtained regularly to determine cortisol levels throughout the study. Cortisol levels were analyzed by means of liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). Behavioral observations and cortisol levels were compared between groups. Prior to paste administration, a novel object test was performed and the horses' reaction to loading on a trailer was recorded. Both tests were repeated after 13 days of paste application. Movement patterns such as different gaits during the novel object test were evaluated and an ethogram was designed to assess exhibited behavioral traits. Cardiac beat-to-beat (R-R) intervals were recorded throughout and evaluated using heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) parameters. Blood and saliva samples for cortisol analysis were taken before and after the tests. Daily behavioral observations and cortisol levels did not differ between the treatment and the control group. Similarly, analysis of movement patterns, HR, HRV and cortisol levels during the novel object test and trailer test did not identify significant differences between the groups. Regularly administered oral CBD (3 mg/kg BID over 15 days) had no statistically significant effect on behavioral observations, cortisol levels, HR and HRV in horses. Further research is required to establish adequate doses and indications for the use of CBD in horses.
Copyright © 2024 Eichler, Ehrle, Machnik, Jensen, Wagner, Baudisch, Bolk, Pötzsch, Thevis, Bäumer, Lischer and Wiegard.
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Publication Date: 2024-01-03 PubMed ID: 38234983PubMed Central: PMC10791836DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1305873Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This study investigates the effectiveness of cannabidiol (CBD) for managing stress in horses, using behavior observation, heart rate monitoring, and cortisol level analysis. Using a randomized, double-blind setup, the experiment compared the results of 12 horses given a CBD past over 15 days against those given a placebo, finding no significant difference in behavior, heart rate or cortisol levels.

Methodology

  • The researchers took 12 horses and divided them equally into a control group and a treatment group. These groups received different pastes — the treatment group ingested a paste containing 3 mg/kg of CBD, while the control group received a paste without any active ingredient.
  • The pastes were administered orally twice a day over a course of 15 days.
  • Behavioral observation was performed daily, using a sedation score and studying facial expressions from the FaceSed and Horse Grimace Scale. These scales allowed the researchers to rate the level of sedation and painful grimacing in horses.

Cortisol and Heart Rates Monitoring

  • The researchers collected blood and saliva samples from the horses regularly to measure their cortisol levels. Cortisol is a hormone that is usually elevated during stress.
  • Liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) was used to analyze cortisol levels.
  • The heart rates of the horses were also continually monitored, with the team looking specifically at R-R intervals for heart rate variability.

Stress Evaluation

  • Before starting CBD administration, horses underwent a novel object test and their reactions to being loaded onto a trailer were recorded.
  • After 13 days of the treatment, these tests were repeated.

Results and Conclusion

  • The researchers did not find any significant differences in the horses’ daily behavioral observations or cortisol levels between the CBD-treated horses and the controls.
  • There was no significant change in movement patterns, heart rate, heart rate variability, and cortisol levels during the novel object test and trailer loading test between the groups.
  • Overall, the study found that the administration of CBD paste (3 mg/kg BID over 15 days) did not have a statistically significant effect on behavior, cortisol levels, or heart rate in horses.
  • More research is called for to establish appropriate doses and indications for the use of CBD in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Eichler F, Ehrle A, Machnik M, Jensen KC, Wagner S, Baudisch N, Bolk J, Pötzsch M, Thevis M, Bäumer W, Lischer C, Wiegard M. (2024). Behavioral observations, heart rate and cortisol monitoring in horses following multiple oral administrations of a cannabidiol containing paste (part 2/2). Front Vet Sci, 10, 1305873. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1305873

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 1305873
PII: 1305873

Researcher Affiliations

Eichler, Fabienne
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Ehrle, Anna
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Machnik, Marc
  • Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Jensen, Katharina Charlotte
  • Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Wagner, Sabrina
  • Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Baudisch, Natalie
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Bolk, Julia
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Pötzsch, Magdalena
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Thevis, Mario
  • Center for Preventive Doping Research, Institute of Biochemistry, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Bäumer, Wolfgang
  • Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Lischer, Christoph
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Wiegard, Mechthild
  • Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 5 times.
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