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Frontiers in veterinary science2023; 10; 1305868; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1305868

Behavioral observations, heart rate and heart rate variability in horses following oral administration of a cannabidiol containing paste in three escalating doses (part 1/2).

Abstract: Cannabidiol (CBD) products have been proposed to exert stress- and anxiety-relieving effects in animals. Despite the increasing popularity of CBD for veterinary use, the available research detailing the effects of CBD in horses is limited. The aim of this study (part 1 of 2) was to analyze stress parameters via behavioral observations and heart rate monitoring in healthy horses following single oral administration of a CBD containing paste in different doses. Study products were two pastes for oral administration, one containing CBD and one containing no active ingredient. Pastes were applied as single administrations in consecutive trials with escalating dosages (doses: 0.2, 1.0, 3.0 mg CBD/kg) to a treatment (trial 1: = 3, trial 2: = 3, trial 3: = 5 horses) and a control group (trial 1: = 3, trial 2: = 3, trial 3: = 6 horses) with minimum wash-out periods of seven days in between. Behavioral parameters were evaluated using video recordings to score the levels of sedation including the horses' reactions to acoustic and visual stimuli. Facial expression was assessed using photographs. Evaluation was based on the previously described facial sedation scale for horses (FaceSed) and the Horse Grimace Scale. For baseline values, identical observations were recorded on the day before each paste administration. Both paste administration and behavioral evaluation were performed double blinded. Cardiac beat-to-beat (R-R) intervals were continuously recorded throughout the trial and assessed using heart rate and heart rate variability parameters. Statistical analysis included comparison between treatment and control group over escalating doses and time points using linear mixed models. The CBD paste was well tolerated, and no side effects were observed. Analysis of sedation scores and facial expressions did not indicate significant differences between treatment and control group over the escalating doses. The heart rate was neither reduced, nor were significant changes in heart rate variability observed compared to the control group. Main limitation of this study is the small sample size. Further research is required to determine adequate doses and indications for the use of CBD products in horses.
Copyright © 2023 Eichler, Ehrle, Jensen, Baudisch, Petersen, Bäumer, Lischer and Wiegard.
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Publication Date: 2023-12-11 PubMed ID: 38149295PubMed Central: PMC10750369DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1305868Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study investigates the impact of cannabidiol (CBD) on stress parameters in horses. Interestingly, even after varying the dosage of CBD, no significant impact was observed on horse behavior and heart rates.

Overview of the Research

The researchers focused on studying the effects of orally administered cannabidiol (CBD) paste on stress parameters of healthy horses. The research identified that CBD products are increasingly used for stress and anxiety relief in animals, but the understanding of its effects on horses is still limited. The primary objective of the study was to understand the impact of CBD on horses’ behavior and heart rate.

Methods and Analysis

  • The researchers used two types of pastes – one containing CBD and the other without any active ingredient. These pastes were administered orally to two groups – the treatment group (with CBD paste) and the control group (without CBD paste).
  • The pastes were given in three escalating doses, ensuring a gap of a minimum of 7 days between the two administrations. Simultaneously, the behavior parameters were recorded with the help of video recordings.
  • The reactions of horses to visual and acoustic stimuli were also observed. A facial sedation scale and the Horse Grimace Scale were employed as the base for evaluation. Baseline values were recorded a day before each paste administration. It’s important to note that double blinding was maintained during paste administration and behavioral evaluation to avoid prejudice.
  • Continual recording of cardiac beat-to-beat intervals was maintained which was assessed using heart rate and heart rate variability parameters.

Result of the Study

  • The CBD paste was found to be well tolerated by all horses, with none of them showing any recorded side effects.
  • However, the evaluation of sedation scores and facial expressions did not yield any significant differences between the control and treatment group over escalating doses.
  • Also, there were not any final notable changes in heart rate or heart rate variability compared to the control group.

Concluding Remarks

The study declares that their primary limitation is the small size of the sample population of horses. The study advocates that future research should focus on identifying suitable doses and indications for using CBD products in horses as the current study did not show any significant impacts of CBD on the stress parameters of horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Eichler F, Ehrle A, Jensen KC, Baudisch N, Petersen H, Bäumer W, Lischer C, Wiegard M. (2023). Behavioral observations, heart rate and heart rate variability in horses following oral administration of a cannabidiol containing paste in three escalating doses (part 1/2). Front Vet Sci, 10, 1305868. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1305868

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 10
Pages: 1305868
PII: 1305868

Researcher Affiliations

Eichler, Fabienne
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Ehrle, Anna
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Jensen, Katharina Charlotte
  • Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Baudisch, Natalie
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Petersen, Hannah
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Bäumer, Wolfgang
  • Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Lischer, Christoph
  • Equine Clinic, Veterinary Hospital Freie Universität Berlin, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Wiegard, Mechthild
  • Institute of Animal Welfare, Animal Behavior and Laboratory Animal Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. This study received funding from Herosan healthcare GmbH. The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication. All authors declare to have full control over the data and no other competing interests.

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Citations

This article has been cited 3 times.
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  2. Interlandi C, Tabbì M, Di Pietro S, D'Angelo F, Costa GL, Arfuso F, Giudice E, Licata P, Macrì D, Crupi R, Gugliandolo E. Improved quality of life and pain relief in mature horses with osteoarthritis after oral transmucosal cannabidiol oil administration as part of an analgesic regimen. Front Vet Sci 2024;11:1341396.
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  3. Eichler F, Ehrle A, Machnik M, Jensen KC, Wagner S, Baudisch N, Bolk J, Pötzsch M, Thevis M, Bäumer W, Lischer C, Wiegard M. Behavioral observations, heart rate and cortisol monitoring in horses following multiple oral administrations of a cannabidiol containing paste (part 2/2). Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1305873.
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