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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Parasit Dis / Biology of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) evansi in experimental ...
Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology2015; 40(3); 1047-1061; doi: 10.1007/s12639-014-0633-1

Biology of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) evansi in experimental heterologous mammalian hosts.

Abstract: Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) evansi is a causative agent of the dreadful mammalian disease trypanosomiasis or 'Surra' and carried as a latent parasite in domestic cattle but occasionally proves fatal when transmitted to horses and camel. Sporadic outbreak of 'Surra' to different animals (beside their natural hosts) reminds that T. evansi may be zoonotic, as their close relative cause sleeping sickness to human being. This haemoflagellate is mechanically transmitted by horse fly and its effect on different host varies depending on certain factors including the effectiveness of transmission by mechanical vector, the suitability and susceptibility of the host as well as most importantly the ability of the disease establishment of parasite to adapt itself to the host's resistance, etc. The course of the disease caused by T. evansi is similar to that of human sleeping sickness caused by T. (T.) brucei gambiense. The target organs and symptoms show close similarity. T. evansi can successfully be transmitted among unnatural hosts i.e., other classes of vertebrates, like chicken. In transmission experiments, the unnatural hosts may sometimes induce profound changes in the biology of trypanosomes. Hence, in present study the observations are the biology of different morphological changes of T. evansi as well as its ability of disease formation within some heterologous mammal viz., albino rat, guineapig, bandicoot, mongoose, domestic cat and common monkey. Blood smears of infected albino rats, bandicoot, and mongoose revealed only monomorphic form. Interestingly, blood smears of infected cat and monkey, T. evansi shows slender trypomastigote form and short intermediate form whereas organ smears shows other two forms of haemoflagellate viz., sphaeromastigote and amastigote form. The haemoflagellate maintains a common reproductive cycle in all the experimental heterologous hosts whereas disease symptoms differ. T. evansi infected cat and monkey shows nervous symptoms. Infected monkey expresses some symptoms similar to that of human sleeping sickness disease. Thus the paper highlights zoonotic potentialities of T. evansi.
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Publication Date: 2015-01-20 PubMed ID: 27605836PubMed Central: PMC4996246DOI: 10.1007/s12639-014-0633-1Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper is about the life-cycle and disease formation abilities of Trypanosoma evansi, a parasite that causes the disease trypanosomiasis in various mammalian hosts, and its potential to be transmitted to humans.

Study Objective and Methodology

  • The research investigated the biology of Trypanosoma (T.) evansi, a parasite that is commonly found in domesticated cattle but can be fatal when transferred to horses and camels.
  • It aimed to study the possibility of T. evansi as a zoonotic disease, i.e., its ability to jump from animals to humans, causing diseases similar to human sleeping sickness.
  • The research also reviewed the parasite’s life cycle in different hosts, including an albino rat, guinea pig, bandicoot, mongoose, domestic cat, and common monkey. Blood smears and organ tissue samples were examined for various forms of the parasite.

Findings of the Study

  • The research found that the parasite’s progress varies based on factors like the effectiveness of its transmission, the host’s resistance levels, and the parasite’s ability to adapt to these changes.
  • Trypanosoma evansi demonstrated different morphological changes in different hosts. In several hosts, including albino rats, bandicoots, and mongooses, only a monomorphic form was found. However, in cats and monkeys, as well as in organ tissue, different forms (trypomastigote, sphaeromastigote, and amastigote) were identified.
  • The course of the disease caused by T. evansi was found to be similar to that of human sleeping sickness caused by T. (T.) brucei gambiense. Similar symptoms and target organs were identified.

Implications of the Study

  • The study suggests that T. evansi effectively adapts to different hosts and can be transmitted among non-typical hosts, indicating the potential for a broader spread of the disease.
  • The symptoms observed in the infected monkeys were found to be similar to humans affected by the sleeping sickness disease, indicating possible zoonotic abilities of the T. evansi parasite.
  • The research paves the way for further exploration into the disease’s possible effects on humans and the need for preventive measures in animals that are likely to transmit the disease.

Cite This Article

APA
Misra KK, Roy S, Choudhury A. (2015). Biology of Trypanosoma (Trypanozoon) evansi in experimental heterologous mammalian hosts. J Parasit Dis, 40(3), 1047-1061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0633-1

Publication

Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology
ISSN: 0971-7196
NlmUniqueID: 9713059
Country: India
Language: English
Volume: 40
Issue: 3
Pages: 1047-1061

Researcher Affiliations

Misra, K K
  • Department of Zoology, R. B. C. College, Naihati, India ; Department of Zoology, Asutosh College, Kolkata, India.
Roy, S
  • City College, Kolkata, India.
Choudhury, A
  • University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India.

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Citations

This article has been cited 9 times.
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