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Home / Equine Research Bank / Animals (Basel) / Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Curr...
Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2022; 12(19); 2678; doi: 10.3390/ani12192678

Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature.

Abstract: Creatinine only allows detection of kidney disease when 60 to 75% of the glomerular function is lost and is therefore not an ideal marker of disease. Additional biomarkers could be beneficial to assess kidney function and disease. The objectives are to describe new equine kidney biomarkers. This systematic review assesses the available literature, including the validation process and reference values, following which the authors suggest recommendations for clinical use. SDMA may have some potential as equine kidney biomarker, but there is currently a lack of evidence that SDMA offers any advantage compared to creatinine in detecting Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). Cystatin C and podocin show potential as biomarkers for kidney disease (including detecting AKI earlier than creatinine) and should be studied further. NGAL has potential as a biomarker of kidney disease (including detecting AKI earlier than creatinine), and potential as an inflammatory marker. Literature on MMP-9 does not allow for conclusive statements about its potential as a biomarker for kidney disease. The future may show that NAG has potential. For all biomarkers, at this stage, available scientific information is limited or too scarce to support clinical use, and only SDMA can be measured for clinical purposes. In conclusion, there are multiple new biomarkers with the potential to diagnose kidney problems. However, there are only a few studies available and more data is needed before these biomarkers can be applied and recommended in our daily practice.
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Publication Date: 2022-10-05 PubMed ID: 36230418PubMed Central: PMC9559299DOI: 10.3390/ani12192678Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article is a literature review exploring the potential of various biomarkers as indicators of kidney disease in horses, finding that while some show promise, more research is necessary before they can be practically applied.

Objective of the Study and Overview

  • The goal of this study was to assess and describe potential equine kidney biomarkers throughout recent scientific literature. Also, to evaluate their validation processes, reference values and their possible application in a clinical setting.
  • Currently, the most commonly used biomarker for kidney disease in horses is creatinine, but it only allows detection of the disease when 60-75% of glomerular function is already lost. This makes it a non-ideal marker of the disease.

New Potential Biomarkers and Their Limitations

  • The research reviewed several potential biomarkers, including SDMA, cystatin C, podocin, NGAL, MMP-9, and NAG.
  • The authors found that SDMA may have potential as a kidney biomarker for horses, but presently there is no proof it is any better than creatinine in detecting Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).
  • Both cystatin C and podocin were identified as potentially promising biomarkers as they may be able to detect AKI quicker than using the creatinine test.
  • NGAL too showed promise as a biomarker not only for kidney disease but also as an inflammatory marker.
  • However, the researchers couldn’t make any conclusive statements regarding MMP-9 due to limited available literature on its potential as a kidney disease biomarker.
  • The authors see potential in NAG as a future biomarker, although more evidence is needed.

Current Limitations and Future Recommendation

  • At this stage, scientific information available on these biomarkers is limited or scarce, making it difficult to justify their use in clinical settings.
  • The only biomarker that can currently be measured for clinical purposes is SDMA.
  • Despite there being a number of potential new biomarkers to diagnose kidney problems in horses, more research and more data collection are required before these can be recommended or applied in daily practice.

Cite This Article

APA
Galen GV, Olsen E, Siwinska N. (2022). Biomarkers of Kidney Disease in Horses: A Review of the Current Literature. Animals (Basel), 12(19), 2678. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192678

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 12
Issue: 19
PII: 2678

Researcher Affiliations

Galen, Gaby van
  • Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
  • Goulburn Valley Equine Hospital, Congupna, VIC 3633, Australia.
Olsen, Emil
  • Veterinary Teaching Hospital (Universitetsdjursjukhuset, UDS), Swedish Veterinary Agricultural University (SLU), 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden.
Siwinska, Natalia
  • Department of Internal Medicine, Clinic of Diseases of Horses, Dogs and Cats, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroclaw, 50-375 Wroclaw, Poland.

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

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