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Veterinary surgery : VS2023; doi: 10.1111/vsu.13965

Biomechanical comparison of compact versus standard flute drill bits, and interlocking versus buttress thread self-tapping cortical bone screws in cadaveric equine third metacarpal condyle.

Abstract: To compare (1) performance of compact versus standard flute drill bits, (2) screw insertion properties and (3) pullout variables between interlocking thread (ITS) and buttress thread (BTS) self-tapping screws in third metacarpi. Methods: In vitro experimental study. Methods: Paired third metacarpi from 11 Thoroughbreds aged 2-4 years. Methods: Screws were inserted into the lateral condylar fossae following bone preparation using the respective drill bit for each screw type. Screw pullout was achieved using a mechanical testing system. Density and porosity of bone surrounding screw holes was measured with microcomputed tomography following each pullout test. Drilling, screw insertion and pullout variables were compared between drill bit and screw types using repeated measures ANOVA. Linear regression analyses were used to characterize relationships between bone tissue properties and drill bit and screw outcomes. Results: Maximum torque power spectral density (PSD) was lower for compact flute drill bits. Insertion torque was 50% higher for ITS. BTS had 33% greater preyield stiffness and 7% greater mean yield force. Bone tissue properties affected measured variables similarly for both screw and drill bit types. Conclusions: Lower torque PSD may increase durability of the compact flute drill bit. ITS had greater insertional torque, which may reflect greater bone engagement. BTS had greater resistance to axial pullout forces. Conclusions: Metacarpal bone provides a simple model for comparison of drill bit and screw designs. Use of ITS to repair equine fractures subject to predominantly tensile forces is not justified based on the results of this study.
© 2023 The Authors. Veterinary Surgery published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American College of Veterinary Surgeons.
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Publication Date: 2023-06-11 PubMed ID: 37302003DOI: 10.1111/vsu.13965Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research study primarily compares the performance of two drill bits (compact flute vs standard flute) and two types of self-tapping screws (interlocking thread and buttress thread) when used on cadaveric equine third metacarpi. The results indicated that each tool has its respective pros and cons in terms of torque, insertional force, resistance to axial pullout forces, and their interaction with bone tissue properties.

Experiment Setup

  • The researchers selected third metacarpi from 11 Thoroughbreds aged between 2-4 years for their in vitro study.
  • The screws were inserted into the lateral condylar fossae after preparing the bone with the respective drill bit.
  • A mechanical testing system was used to perform screw pullout.
  • The density and porosity of the bone surrounding the screw holes were measured with microcomputed tomography following each pullout test.

Methods Used

  • Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare drilling, screw insertion, and pullout variables between the two types of drill bits and screws.
  • Linear regression analyses were employed to determine the relationship between bone tissue properties and the outcomes with the different drill bits and screws.

Performance Comparison

  • The compact flute drill bit had a lower maximum torque power spectral density (PSD) compared to the standard flute.
  • Interlocking thread screws (ITS) had 50% higher insertion torque compared to buttress thread screws (BTS).
  • BTS demonstrated 33% greater preyield stiffness and 7% greater mean yield force compared to ITS.
  • Bone tissue properties influenced the measured variables similarly for both the drill bits and the screws.

Conclusion

  • The lower torque PSD of the compact flute drill bit suggests that it might have greater durability.
  • The higher insertional torque for ITS suggests greater bone engagement.
  • The BTS resistance to axial pullout forces was greater, suggesting it might be more suitable for repairing fractures subjected primarily to tensile forces.
  • The study concluded that the use of ITS for repairing fractures predominantly subject to tensile forces is not justified based on the results of this study.
  • The researchers also concluded that metacarpal bone provides a simple model for comparing drill bit and screw designs.

Cite This Article

APA
Pye JL, Garcia TC, Kapatkin AS, Samol MA, Stover S. (2023). Biomechanical comparison of compact versus standard flute drill bits, and interlocking versus buttress thread self-tapping cortical bone screws in cadaveric equine third metacarpal condyle. Vet Surg. https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13965

Publication

Veterinary surgery : VS
ISSN: 1532-950X
NlmUniqueID: 8113214
Country: United States
Language: English

Researcher Affiliations

Pye, Jannah L
  • William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Garcia, Tanya C
  • JD Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Kapatkin, Amy S
  • JD Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
  • Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Samol, Monika A
  • California Animal Health and Food Safety System, San Bernadino Branch, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
Stover, Susan
  • JD Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.
  • Department of Surgical & Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California-Davis, Davis, California, USA.

Grant Funding

  • Dolly Green Endowment of the JD Wheat Veterinary Orthopedic Research Laboratory
  • Veterinary Orthopedic Society Wade O. Brinker Resident Research Award

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