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Home / Equine Research Bank / J Neurosci / Blue-cone horizontal cells in the retinae of horses and othe...
The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience1996; 16(10); 3381-3396; doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03381.1996

Blue-cone horizontal cells in the retinae of horses and other equidae.

Abstract: The morphology of horizontal cells chiefly of the horse, but also of asses, mules, and a zebra, has been examined by Lucifer yellow injections into lightly fixed retinae and by immunocytochemistry. In common with other mammals, equids have a B-type horizontal cell, i.e., a cell with dendrites synapsing with cones and possessing a single axon synapsing with rods. Most mammalian retinae have a further type of horizontal cell, the A-type, also synapsing with cones but without an axon. The second type of horizontal cell in equids also has no axon; otherwise, it is most unusual. Compared with other mammalian A-type cells, it has a vary large dendritic field, both absolutely and relative to the dendritic fields of B-type cells. The dendrites are fine and sparsely branching. Their most striking feature is that they bear a low density of irregularly spaced synaptic terminal aggregates, suggesting their cone contacts are selective. Immunolabelling of S (blue)-cones in horse retina showed that they comprise, depending on retinal location, 10-25% of the cone population. For a single horse A-type cell, it is shown that 44 of its 45 terminal aggregates are congruent with the pedicles of S-cones. Immunostaining with a calbindin antibody demonstrated that each type of horizontal cell forms an independent regular mosaic. The density ratio of B- to A-type cells varied between 5 and 10. This is the first demonstration in a mammalian retina of a horizontal cell type with a direct input exclusively from S-cones.
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Publication Date: 1996-05-15 PubMed ID: 8627374PubMed Central: PMC6579128DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03381.1996Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Journal Article

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research focuses on the unusual characteristics of horizontal cells in the retinas of horses and other equine species, particularly how these cells interact with blue-cones.

Objective and Methods

  • The aim of the research was to analyze the morphology of horizontal cells in the retinas of equids, predominantly horses but also including asses, mules, and a zebra.
  • Two methods were used in this research: injecting Lucifer yellow into lightly fixed retinas for visualization, and immunocytochemical staining for identifying specific proteins.

Findings

  • Equids, like other mammals, have a B-type horizontal cell that forms a synapse with cones and a single axon synapse with rods.
  • Most mammals also possess an A-type horizontal cell that synapses with cones but does not have an axon. Equids are found to have an unusual variant of the A-type cell, still without an axon, but with an unusually large dendritic field.
  • The dendrites of this atypical A-type cell have a low density of irregularly spaced synaptic terminal aggregates. This unique structure suggests that its cone contacts are selective.
  • Immunostaining for S (blue) cones shows that these comprise 10-25% of the cone population in the horse retina, depending on location. Further investigation into a single A-type cell found that almost all (44 out of 45) of its terminal aggregates synapse with the pedicles of S-cones.

Significance

  • This study is the first to demonstrate a type of horizontal cell in a mammalian retina that has a direct and exclusive input from S-cones.
  • The findings are suggestive of a unique system for processing blue light information in equids, which could have implications for how these animals perceive their environment.

Independent Regular Mosaic Formation

  • Each type of horizontal cell was found to form an independent regular mosaic, according to immunostaining with a calbindin antibody.
  • The density ratio of B- to A-type cells varied between 5 and 10, further supporting the distinguished roles and likely selective functionality of these cell types.

Cite This Article

APA
Sandmann D, Boycott BB, Peichl L. (1996). Blue-cone horizontal cells in the retinae of horses and other equidae. J Neurosci, 16(10), 3381-3396. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.16-10-03381.1996

Publication

The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience
ISSN: 0270-6474
NlmUniqueID: 8102140
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 16
Issue: 10
Pages: 3381-3396

Researcher Affiliations

Sandmann, D
  • Max Planck Institut fũr Hirnforschung, Frankfurt, Germany.
Boycott, B B
    Peichl, L

      MeSH Terms

      • Animals
      • Equidae
      • Female
      • Horses
      • Immunohistochemistry
      • Interneurons / immunology
      • Interneurons / physiology
      • Male
      • Photoreceptor Cells / physiology
      • Retina / anatomy & histology
      • Retina / immunology

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      Citations

      This article has been cited 8 times.
      1. Chapot CA, Euler T, Schubert T. How do horizontal cells 'talk' to cone photoreceptors? Different levels of complexity at the cone-horizontal cell synapse.. J Physiol 2017 Aug 15;595(16):5495-5506.
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