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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Bone Marrow Aspiration Does Not Induce a Measurable Pain Res...
Frontiers in veterinary science2018; 5; 233; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00233

Bone Marrow Aspiration Does Not Induce a Measurable Pain Response Compared to Sham Procedure.

Abstract: Bone marrow is commonly collected from horses for regenerative medicine applications. Little information is available regarding pain experienced by the horse during bone marrow aspiration. The objective of this study was to characterize horse reaction and pain response during bone marrow aspiration (BMA) compared to a sham (SHAM) procedure. We hypothesized there would be significantly greater horse reaction or pain response measured by salivary cortisol, heart rate variability, and depth and duration of sedation between BMA and SHAM. Twelve university owned horses underwent a BMA and sham procedure, 4 weeks apart in a randomized cross-over design, while sedated with 0.4 mg/kg xylazine hydrochloride. As measures of sedation depth, head height was recorded and sedation level was scored at specific procedural time points. Salivary cortisol was measured immediately before and 2 h after each procedure. Heart rate variability was assessed before, during, and after each procedure. There were no differences in head height, sedation score, or salivary cortisol between groups. No differences were noted between groups in heart rate variability before or during the procedure, but there was a significant decrease in low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio after the procedure in the BMA group. Over time, there was a significant reduction in LF/HF ratio during the procedure in both groups. Overall, BMA from the sternum did not result in a measurable pain response during, or in the 2 h following the procedure, in comparison to a sham procedure.
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Publication Date: 2018-10-01 PubMed ID: 30327768PubMed Central: PMC6174850DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2018.00233Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper studies the pain response in horses during Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA), comparing it to a mock procedure. The results suggest that the BMA procedure does not cause any measurable pain response in horses.

Objective and Hypothesis

  • The objective of this research was to assess the pain responses in horses during bone marrow aspiration (BMA), a procedure used regularly to collect bone marrow for regenerative medicine applications.
  • Prior to this study, there was limited information concerning the extent of discomfort or pain that horses experience during BMA, which prompted this investigation.
  • The researchers hypothesized that there would be a significant difference in the horse’s reaction or pain response, as measured by salivary cortisol, heart rate variability, and depth and duration of sedation, between the BMA and a sham (placebo) procedure.

Methodology

  • Twelve horses owned by the university underwent a BMA and sham procedure, four weeks apart in a randomized cross-over design. The purpose of the sham procedure was to act as a control against the BMA.
  • For consistent results, all horses were sedated with 0.4 mg/kg of xylazine hydrochloride during the procedures.
  • The researchers recorded various metrics such as head height (a measure of sedation depth), sedation level at specific procedural timepoints, salivary cortisol levels before and 2 hours after each procedure, as well as heart rate variability before, during, and after each procedure.

Findings

  • The study found no significant differences in the head height, sedation score, or salivary cortisol levels between the groups – meaning the BMA procedure didn’t discernably increase these metrics compared to the sham procedure.
  • No differences were observed in heart rate variability before or during the procedure between the two groups. However, a significant decrease in the low frequency/high frequency (LF/HF) ratio after the procedure was observed in the BMA group.
  • Over time, a significant reduction in the LF/HF ratio, a sign often linked to pain or stress, was detected during the procedure in both groups.

Conclusion

  • In conclusion, the study revealed that BMA from the sternum did not result in a measurable pain response, either during or in the 2 hours following the procedure, when compared to a sham procedure.
  • This vital information contributes to ensuring better well-being and welfare of horses undergoing BMA for regenerative medicine applications.

Cite This Article

APA
Rowland AL, Navas de Solis C, Lepiz MA, Cummings KJ, Watts AE. (2018). Bone Marrow Aspiration Does Not Induce a Measurable Pain Response Compared to Sham Procedure. Front Vet Sci, 5, 233. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2018.00233

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 5
Pages: 233
PII: 233

Researcher Affiliations

Rowland, Aileen L
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Navas de Solis, Cristobal
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Lepiz, Mauricio A
  • Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.
Cummings, Kevin J
  • Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.
Watts, Ashlee E
  • Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States.

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Citations

This article has been cited 1 times.
  1. Rowland AL, Burns ME, Levine GJ, Watts AE. Preparation Technique Affects Recipient Immune Targeting of Autologous Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Front Vet Sci 2021;8:724041.
    doi: 10.3389/fvets.2021.724041pubmed: 34595230google scholar: lookup
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