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Home / Equine Research Bank / Toxicon / Caprylic acid fractionation of hyperimmune horse plasma: des...
Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology1994; 32(3); 351-363; doi: 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90087-6

Caprylic acid fractionation of hyperimmune horse plasma: description of a simple procedure for antivenom production.

Abstract: A simple methodology for hyperimmune horse plasma fractionation, based on caprylic acid precipitation, is described. Optimal conditions for fractionation were studied; the method gives best results when concentrated caprylic acid was added to plasma, whose pH had been adjusted to 5.8, until a final caprylic acid concentration of 5% was reached. The mixture was vigorously stirred during caprylic acid addition and then for 60 min; afterwards the mixture was filtered. Non-immunoglobulin proteins precipitated in these conditions, whereas a highly enriched immunoglobulin preparation was obtained in the filtrate, which was then dialysed to remove caprylic acid before the addition of NaCl and phenol. Thus, antivenom was produced after a single precipitation step followed by dialysis. In order to compare this methodology with that based on ammonium sulfate fractionation, a sample of hyperimmune plasma was divided into two aliquots which were fractionated in parallel by both methods. It was found that caprylic acid-fractionated antivenom was superior in terms of yield, production time, albumin/globulin ratio, turbidity, protein aggregates, electrophoretic pattern and neutralizing potency against several activities of Bothrops asper venom. Owing to its efficacy and simplicity, this method could be of great value in antivenom and antitoxin production laboratories.
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Publication Date: 1994-03-01 PubMed ID: 8016856DOI: 10.1016/0041-0101(94)90087-6Google Scholar: Lookup
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  • Comparative Study
  • Journal Article
  • Research Support
  • Non-U.S. Gov't

Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research article details a simple technique for obtaining antivenom from hyperimmune horse plasma using caprylic acid precipitation, finding that it is more effective as compared to the conventional ammonium sulfate fractionation method.

Methodology Used

  • The researchers developed a straightforward methodology for fractionating hyperimmune horse plasma using caprylic acid precipitation. The process was optimized to determine the best conditions.
  • For best results, concentrated caprylic acid was mixed with plasma, the latter having its pH adjusted to 5.8. The caprylic acid concentration was bolstered until it reached 5%.
  • The mixture was vigorously stirred while adding the caprylic acid and continued for another 60 minutes. After stirring, the mixture was then filtered.

Treatment Post-Filtration

  • Post-filtration, non-immunoglobulin proteins precipitated under these conditions, while a filtrate rich in immunoglobulin was collected.
  • The filtrate was dialyzed to remove the caprylic acid. Sodium chloride (NaCl) and phenol were then added. The result of this single precipitation step followed by dialysis was the production of antivenom.

    • Comparison with the Traditional Method

    • The researchers also compared this method with the traditional method of fractionation using ammonium sulfate. They equally divided a sample of hyperimmune plasma into two aliquots and fractionated them using both methods concurrently.
    • The research showed that the caprylic acid-fractionated antivenom was superior in terms of yield, production time, albumin/globulin ratio, turbidity, protein aggregates, and electrophoretic pattern. It also had a stronger neutralizing potency against many activities of Bothrops asper venom.

    Conclusion

  • The researchers concluded that due to its high efficiency and simplicity, this caprylic acid precipitation method could be invaluable in laboratories producing antivenom and antitoxin.

    • Cite This Article

    APA
    Rojas G, Jiménez JM, Gutiérrez JM. (1994). Caprylic acid fractionation of hyperimmune horse plasma: description of a simple procedure for antivenom production. Toxicon, 32(3), 351-363. https://doi.org/10.1016/0041-0101(94)90087-6

    Publication

    Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology
    ISSN: 0041-0101
    NlmUniqueID: 1307333
    Country: England
    Language: English
    Volume: 32
    Issue: 3
    Pages: 351-363

    Researcher Affiliations

    Rojas, G
    • Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José.
    Jiménez, J M
      Gutiérrez, J M

        MeSH Terms

        • Ammonium Sulfate / chemistry
        • Animals
        • Antihypertensive Agents / chemistry
        • Antivenins / blood
        • Antivenins / isolation & purification
        • Antivenins / therapeutic use
        • Caprylates / chemistry
        • Chemical Fractionation / methods
        • Chemical Precipitation
        • Horses
        • Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
        • Immune Sera / immunology
        • Immunoglobulins / blood
        • Immunoglobulins / isolation & purification
        • Immunoglobulins / therapeutic use
        • Mice
        • Snake Venoms / antagonists & inhibitors

        Citations

        This article has been cited 35 times.
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