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Animals : an open access journal from MDPI2021; 11(7); doi: 10.3390/ani11072081

Cardiorespiratory, Sedative and Antinociceptive Effects of a Medetomidine Constant Rate Infusion with Morphine, Ketamine or Both.

Abstract: Standing surgery under sedation reduces anesthetic-related mortality in horses. Medetomidine, alone and combined with morphine in a constant rate infusion (CRI), has been described for standing surgery but their cardiorespiratory, sedative and antinociceptive effects have never been compared. The addition of ketamine could improve analgesia in these procedures with minimal cardiorespiratory consequences. The objectives were to compare the cardiorespiratory effects, quality of sedation, antinociception and ataxia produced by administration of a medetomidine-based CRI with morphine, ketamine or both, in standing horses. A prospective, blind, randomized crossover, experimental design with six healthy adult horses was performed, in which four treatments were administered to all horses with at least two weeks of washout period: medetomidine (M); medetomidine and ketamine (MK); medetomidine and morphine (MMo); and medetomidine, morphine and ketamine (MMoK). Dosages were the same in all treatment groups: medetomidine at 5 µg/kg bwt followed by 5 µg/kg bwt/h, ketamine at 0.4 mg/kg/h and morphine at 50 µg/kg bwt, followed by morphine 30 µg/kg bwt/h. Drug infusions were maintained for 120 min. Cardiorespiratory variables, sedation degree and antinociceptive effects were evaluated during the procedure. All combinations produced similar sedation and antinociceptive effects and no clinically relevant alterations in cardiorespiratory variables occurred. Medetomidine CRI combined with morphine, ketamine or both are suitable and safe protocols for standing sedation in horses and the addition of morphine and/or ketamine did not cause any negative effect but no improving effect on sedation and antinociception was detected.
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Publication Date: 2021-07-13 PubMed ID: 34359209PubMed Central: PMC8300393DOI: 10.3390/ani11072081Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The paper studies the cardiorespiratory, sedative, and antinociceptive effects of continuous infusion combinations of medetomidine with morphine, ketamine, or both on standing horses. The study concludes that all these drug combinations are safe, suitable protocols for horse sedation during standing surgeries, and do not significantly alter cardiorespiratory variables or improve sedation and antinociception.

Objective and Design of the Study

  • The primary goal of the research was to compare the impacts of medetomidine, a sedative, combined with morphine or ketamine or both in a constant rate infusion (CRI) on the cardiorespiratory effects, sedation quality, antinociception (pain relief), and ataxia (loss of body movement control) in standing horses. It aimed to find a combination that could enhance pain relief during stand-up surgeries in horses without significantly affecting their cardiorespiratory system.
  • The research employed a prospective, blind, randomized crossover, experimental design on six healthy adult horses. It involved administering four treatments—medetomidine alone, medetomidine with ketamine, medetomidine with morphine, and a combination of medetomidine, morphine and ketamine—to the horses, with a washout period of at least two weeks in between.

Procedure and Measurements

  • The dosages for all treatment groups were the same and the drug infusions lasted for 120 minutes. The researchers then measured the cardiorespiratory variables, sedation degree, and antinociceptive effects during the procedure.
  • The dosage for medetomidine was 5 µg/kg bwt followed by 5 µg/kg bwt/h, for ketamine it was 0.4 mg/kg/h, and for morphine it was 50 µg/kg bwt, followed by morphine 30 µg/kg bwt/h.

Findings

  • All of the drug combinations resulted in similar sedation and antinociceptive effects, and none caused clinically relevant changes in the cardiorespiratory variables.
  • The medetomidine CRI, in combination with morphine, ketamine, or both, are suitable and safe protocols for standing sedation in horses.
  • However, adding morphine and/or ketamine to the medetomidine CRI did not have any negative effects nor did it improve the sedation and antinociceptive effects.

Cite This Article

APA
Troya-Portillo L, López-Sanromán J, Villalba-Orero M, Santiago-Llorente I. (2021). Cardiorespiratory, Sedative and Antinociceptive Effects of a Medetomidine Constant Rate Infusion with Morphine, Ketamine or Both. Animals (Basel), 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11072081

Publication

Animals : an open access journal from MDPI
ISSN: 2076-2615
NlmUniqueID: 101635614
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 11
Issue: 7

Researcher Affiliations

Troya-Portillo, Lucas
  • Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
López-Sanromán, Javier
  • Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
  • Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Villalba-Orero, María
  • Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
Santiago-Llorente, Isabel
  • Hospital Clínico Veterinario Complutense, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Grant Funding

  • N/A / Fundación General de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid

Conflict of Interest Statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Citations

This article has been cited 2 times.
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