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Radiology2006; 241(2); 407-414; doi: 10.1148/radiol.2412051750

Cartilage T2 assessment: differentiation of normal hyaline cartilage and reparative tissue after arthroscopic cartilage repair in equine subjects.

Abstract: To prospectively assess T2 mapping characteristics of normal articular cartilage and of cartilage at sites of arthroscopic repair, including comparison with histologic results and collagen organization assessed at polarized light microscopy (PLM). Methods: Study protocol was compliant with the Canadian Council on Animal Care Guidelines and approved by the institutional animal care committee. Arthroscopic osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) and microfracture arthroplasty (MFx) were performed in knees of 10 equine subjects (seven female, three male; age range, 3-5 years). A site of arthroscopically normal cartilage was documented in each joint as a control site. Joints were harvested at 12 (n = 5) and 24 (n = 5) weeks postoperatively and were imaged at 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) with a 10-echo sagittal fast spin-echo acquisition. T2 maps of each site (21 OAT harvest, 10 MFx, 12 OAT plug, and 10 control sites) were calculated with linear least-squares curve fitting. Cartilage T2 maps were qualitatively graded as "organized" (normal transition of low-to-high T2 signal from deep to superficial cartilage zones) or "disorganized." Quantitative mean T2 values were calculated for deep, middle, and superficial cartilage at each location. Results were compared with histologic and PLM assessments by using kappa analysis. Results: T2 maps were qualitatively graded as organized at 20 of 53 sites and as disorganized at 33 sites. Perfect agreement was seen between organized T2 and histologic findings of hyaline cartilage and between disorganized T2 and histologic findings of fibrous reparative tissue (kappa = 1.0). Strong agreement was seen between organized T2 and normal PLM findings and between disorganized T2 and abnormal PLM findings (kappa = .92). Quantitative assessment of the deep, middle, and superficial cartilage, respectively, showed mean T2 values of 53.3, 58.6, and 54.9 msec at reparative fibrous tissue sites and 40.7, 53.6, and 61.6 msec at hyaline cartilage sites. A significant trend of increasing T2 values (from deep to superficial) was found in hyaline cartilage (P .59). Conclusions: Qualitative and quantitative T2 mapping helped differentiate hyaline cartilage from reparative fibrocartilage after cartilage repair at 1.5-T MR imaging.
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Publication Date: 2006-10-24 PubMed ID: 17057068DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2412051750Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The research conducted sought to distinguish between normal hyaline cartilage and reparative tissue in equine subjects who underwent arthroscopic cartilage repair, using T2 mapping characteristics. The study found that both qualitative and quantitative T2 mapping successfully differentiated between the two types of cartilage during 1.5-T MR imaging.

Objective

The primary objective was to evaluate T2 mapping characteristics of normal articular cartilage and those of cartilage at sites of arthroscopic repair. This exploration involved a comparison of these characteristics with histologic results and collagen organization assessed at polarized light microscopy (PLM).

Methodology

  • The study was conducted in line with the Canadian Council on Animal Care Guidelines and had the approval of the institutional animal care committee.
  • Orthroscopic osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) and microfracture arthroplasty (MFx) were performed on the knees of 10 equine subjects, aged between 3-5 years.
  • Each joint had a site of arthroscopically normal cartilage, which served as a control site.
  • The joints were harvested at 12 (n = 5) and 24 (n = 5) weeks postoperatively, and imaged at 1.5-T magnetic resonance (MR) with a 10-echo sagittal fast spin-echo acquisition.
  • T2 maps of each site were calculated, and categorized as either “organized” or “disorganized”.
  • Quantitative mean T2 values were calculated for the deep, middle, and superficial cartilage at each location.

Results

  • Out of 53 sites, 20 were qualitatively graded as organized and 33 were classified as disorganized.
  • There was perfect agreement between organized T2 and histologic findings of hyaline cartilage, as well as disorganized T2 and histologic findings of fibrous reparative tissue.
  • A strong agreement was observed between organized T2 and normal PLM findings and between disorganized T2 and abnormal PLM findings.
  • Quantitative assessment of cartilage revealed mean T2 values of 53.3, 58.6, and 54.9 msec at reparative fibrous tissue sites and 40.7, 53.6, and 61.6 msec at hyaline cartilage sites.
  • Significant trends of increasing T2 values from deep to superficial were found in hyaline cartilage, while fibrous tissue sites showed no significant change with depth.

Conclusions

The study concluded that both qualitative and quantitative T2 mapping effectively helped in differentiating hyaline cartilage from reparative fibrocartilage post cartilage repair during 1.5-T MR imaging.

Cite This Article

APA
White LM, Sussman MS, Hurtig M, Probyn L, Tomlinson G, Kandel R. (2006). Cartilage T2 assessment: differentiation of normal hyaline cartilage and reparative tissue after arthroscopic cartilage repair in equine subjects. Radiology, 241(2), 407-414. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2412051750

Publication

Radiology
ISSN: 0033-8419
NlmUniqueID: 0401260
Country: United States
Language: English
Volume: 241
Issue: 2
Pages: 407-414

Researcher Affiliations

White, Lawrence M
  • Department of Medical Imaging, Mount Sinai Hospital and the University Health Network, University of Toronto, 600 University Ave, Toronto, ON, Canada M5G 1X5. lwhite@mtsinai.on.ca
Sussman, Marshall S
    Hurtig, Mark
      Probyn, Linda
        Tomlinson, George
          Kandel, Rita

            MeSH Terms

            • Animals
            • Arthroscopy
            • Female
            • Horses
            • Hyaline Cartilage / anatomy & histology
            • Hyaline Cartilage / pathology
            • Hyaline Cartilage / surgery
            • Knee Joint / anatomy & histology
            • Knee Joint / pathology
            • Knee Joint / surgery
            • Least-Squares Analysis
            • Linear Models
            • Magnetic Resonance Imaging / methods
            • Male
            • Prospective Studies
            • Weight-Bearing

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