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Home / Equine Research Bank / Front Vet Sci / Cephalometric Study of the Overjet Development in Warmblood ...
Frontiers in veterinary science2019; 6; 431; doi: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00431

Cephalometric Study of the Overjet Development in Warmblood Foals.

Abstract: Class II malocclusion is the most frequently occurring congenital malocclusion in horses. Radiographic cephalometric procedures adopted from human dentistry were used to study the development of overjet in a population of 650 Warmblood foals. Thirteen foals were diagnosed with measurable overjet at the beginning of the study. The malocclusion in nine foals resolved spontaneously and four foals without overjet at 2 weeks of age developed the condition during the first year of life. A cephalostat used in human orthodontics to immobilize the patient's head while being radiographed was replaced by a researcher-made head-holding device, whose size was based on the results of a pilot study. Laterolateral digital radiographs of each foal's head (cephalograms) were taken at five time points until the age of 12 months. Thirteen cephalometric points were identified and nine distances were measured on each radiograph. Additionally, the angle between the long axis of the upper and lower incisors was evaluated. Cephalometric measurements proved to be useful to identify foals that showed spontaneous regression of the malocclusion over the study time between 9 and 16 weeks of age.
Copyright © 2019 Domanska-Kruppa, Venner and Bienert-Zeit.
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Publication Date: 2019-11-29 PubMed ID: 31850386PubMed Central: PMC6895015DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00431Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

This research paper delved into the study of overjet development (a specific type of dental malocclusion) in a population of 650 Warmblood foals using special radiographic procedures adapted from human dentistry. The research ultimately demonstrated the use of these techniques in identifying foals showing spontaneous regression of the dental malocclusion over a specified time frame.

Study Context and Objectives

  • The main interest of this paper lies in Class II malocclusion, which frequently occurs in horses congenitally (i.e., from birth), and particularly focusses on the overjet variant of this condition. Overjet is a type of malocclusion where the upper front teeth (incisors) protrude forward over the bottom front teeth.
  • The researchers wanted to employ radiographic techniques invented for human dentistry to study how overjet develops in Warmblood foals, a breed of horses.

Methodology

  • The overall sample for study comprised 650 Warmblood foals. Initially, 13 of these were diagnosed with overjet.
  • The researchers replaced the conventional cephalostat, a device used in human orthodontics to keep the patient’s head still during radiography, with a custom-made head-holding device. The size specifications for this device were based on results from a pilot study.
  • The study took laterolateral (side-to-side) digital radiographs, or cephalograms, of each foal’s head at five different time points across the first year of their life.
  • The researchers marked thirteen specific points of interest on these cephalograms and proceeded to measure nine distances between them. They also evaluated the angle formed between the longitudinal axis of the foals’ upper and lower incisors.

Findings

  • The study found that the condition of overjet spontaneously resolved in nine of the thirteen initially diagnosed foals. Meanwhile, four foals who were without overjet at 2 weeks old developed the condition in their first year.
  • The cephalometric measurement techniques were discovered to be helpful in identifying foals that showed spontaneous regression of the malocclusion between their 9th and 16th week.

Implications of the Study

  • This study underscores the potential for using human dental methods to further understand and diagnose horse dentition complications.
  • These findings can serve as a useful method to track the progression of overjet and its spontaneous resolution in foals, thus mitigating the need for potential interventions in horses.

Cite This Article

APA
Domanska-Kruppa N, Venner M, Bienert-Zeit A. (2019). Cephalometric Study of the Overjet Development in Warmblood Foals. Front Vet Sci, 6, 431. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2019.00431

Publication

Frontiers in veterinary science
ISSN: 2297-1769
NlmUniqueID: 101666658
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 6
Pages: 431
PII: 431

Researcher Affiliations

Domanska-Kruppa, Natalia
  • Lewitz Stud, Neustadt-Glewe, Germany.
Venner, Monica
  • Veterinary Clinic Destedt, Cremlingen, Germany.
Bienert-Zeit, Astrid
  • Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Hanover, Germany.

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Citations

This article has been cited 4 times.
  1. Kau S, Motter KS, Moser VJ, Kunz JR, Pellachin M, Hartl B. Intra- and Interexaminer Measurement Variability Analysis of an Orthodontic Gauge Device to Determine Incisor Occlusal Surface Angles in the Horse. Vet Sci 2022 Sep 7;9(9).
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  2. Kau S, Failing K, Staszyk C. Computed Tomography (CT)-Assisted 3D Cephalometry in Horses: Interincisal Angulation of Clinical Crowns. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:434.
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  3. Tinsley T, Fogle C, Means E, Robertston J. The prevalence and risk factors of dental disease found in 100 miniature horses. Front Vet Sci 2023;10:1239809.
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  4. Sterkenburgh TR, Hartl B, Peham C, Nowak M, Kyllar M, Kau S. Temporomandibular joint biomechanics and equine incisor occlusal plane maintenance. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023;11:1249316.
    doi: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1249316pubmed: 37799811google scholar: lookup
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