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Frontiers in microbiology2017; 8; 1502; doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01502

Changes in the Total Fecal Bacterial Population in Individual Horses Maintained on a Restricted Diet Over 6 Weeks.

Abstract: Twelve mature (aged 5-16 years) horses and ponies of mixed breed and type were fed restricted (1.25% BM Dry matter) quantities of one of two fiber based diets formulated to be iso-caloric. Diet 1 comprised of 0.8% body mass (BM) of chaff based complete feed plus 0.45% BM low energy grass hay (the same hay used for both diets). Diet 2 comprised 0.1% BM of a nutrient balancer plus 1.15% BM grass hay. Fecal samples were collected at week 10 and week 16. DNA was extracted and the V1-V2 regions of 16SrDNA were 454-pyrosequenced to investigate the bacterial microbiome of the horse. The two most abundant phyla found in both diets and sampling periods were the and There was a clear reduction in with a concordant increase in over time. There was a limited degree of stability within the bacterial community of the hindgut of horses, with 65% of bacteria retained, over a 6 week period whilst on a uniform diet. The presence of a core community defined by being present in all samples (each animal/diet combination) included in the study and being present at 0.1% relative abundance (or greater) was identified. In total 65 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified that fit the definition of core making up 21-28% of the total sequences recovered. As with total population the most abundant phyla were the followed by the , however there was no obvious shift in phyla due to period. Indeed, when the relative abundance of OTUs was examined across diets and periods there was no significant effect of diet or period alone or in combination on the relative abundance of the core OTUs.
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Publication Date: 2017-08-11 PubMed ID: 28848517PubMed Central: PMC5554519DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01502Google Scholar: Lookup
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Summary

This research summary has been generated with artificial intelligence and may contain errors and omissions. Refer to the original study to confirm details provided. Submit correction.

The study examines the effect of long-term restricted diet on the gut bacteria composition of 12 horses. Over the span of six weeks, the horses were assigned one of two tailor-made high-fiber diets, and the researchers characterized the horse’s gut microbiome based on fecal samples taken at two points.

Study Design

  • The research team selected twelve horses and ponies aged between 5 and 16 years. They were of diverse breed and type for optimal results.
  • Two unique, fiber-rich diets were designed which supplied identical caloric value. The amount of food fed was 1.25% of the horse’s body mass (BM) in terms of dry matter.
  • Diet 1 comprised 0.8% BM of complete feed based on chaff and 0.45% BM of low energy grass hay. Diet 2 consisted of a nutrient balancer amounting to 0.1% BM-plus 1.15%BM grass hay.
  • Fecal samples were collected at two stages: in the tenth and sixteenth week. From these, DNA was extracted.

Results and Findings

  • By 454-pyrosequencing the V1-V2 regions of the 16SrDNA extracted from the fecal samples, the team explored the bacterial microbiome of the horse’s digestive tract. In both the diets and throughout both sampling periods, two phyla were found to be the most abundant.
  • It was observed that one of the two dominant bacterial phyla reduced in number over time, while the other saw a correlative increase.
  • Lastly, the study discovered that 65% of the bacteria within the horses’ hindgut can maintain stability over six weeks on a constant diet.
  • The investigation also identified the existence of a core bacterial community. This was defined by its presence in all samples across each animal and diet combination and by maintaining a relative abundance of 0.1% or more.
  • A total of 65 core operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified, accounting for 21-28% of all sequences recovered. The composition of these OTUs was most abundant in the two dominant phyla.
  • Contrary to the general population trend, there was no significant phylum shift within these core OTUs. This was irrespective of dietary and temporal factors. The relative abundance of these core OTUs was also unaffected by diet or period, whether individually or combined.

Conclusion

  • This study implies that long-term dietary restrictions do not drastically alter the balance of core gut bacteria in horses under normal circumstance over the span of six weeks. This suggests that the gut microbiome has a level of resilience against changes in diet.

Cite This Article

APA
Dougal K, Harris PA, Girdwood SE, Creevey CJ, Curtis GC, Barfoot CF, Argo CM, Newbold CJ. (2017). Changes in the Total Fecal Bacterial Population in Individual Horses Maintained on a Restricted Diet Over 6 Weeks. Front Microbiol, 8, 1502. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01502

Publication

Frontiers in microbiology
ISSN: 1664-302X
NlmUniqueID: 101548977
Country: Switzerland
Language: English
Volume: 8
Pages: 1502
PII: 1502

Researcher Affiliations

Dougal, Kirsty
  • Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom.
Harris, Patricia A
  • Equine Studies Group, WALTHAM Centre for Pet NutritionMelton Mowbray, United Kingdom.
Girdwood, Susan E
  • Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom.
Creevey, Christopher J
  • Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom.
Curtis, Gemma C
  • Department of Obesity and Endocrinology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of LiverpoolNeston, United Kingdom.
Barfoot, Clare F
  • MARS Horsecare UK Ltd.Old Wolverton, United Kingdom.
Argo, Caroline M
  • School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of SurreyGuildford, United Kingdom.
Newbold, Charles J
  • Institute of Biological Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth UniversityAberystwyth, United Kingdom.

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